Business Mathematics and Statistics · Class 11 Commerce
Ch 9Collection, Classification and Tabulation of Data — Class 11 Business Mathematics and Statistics, concept-first.
Once a statistical survey has defined its objective and scope (previous chapter), the very first practical task is to obtain the data. All statistical data falls into two broad types, distinguished not by what the figures are but by who collected them and for whose purpose.
Key concepts
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In previous exams
How often this chapter’s concepts have been examined — real appearance data, never estimated.
Chapter contents
The NCERT structure, section by section. Open a section to see its questions, then read the concept-first solution.
Types of Data — Primary and Secondary
Once a statistical survey has defined its objective and scope (previous chapter), the very first practical task is to obtain the data.
Distinguishing Primary from Secondary Data
The difference between the two types is a standard examination point, and it is clearest set out side by side.
Methods of Collecting Primary Data
When data must be collected first-hand, the investigator chooses one of several standard methods, balancing accuracy against cost, coverage and the nature of the informants.
Sources of Secondary Data
When existing data is re-used, it comes from either published or unpublished sources.
Classification of Data — Meaning and Objectives
Raw data, as collected, is a disorganised mass of figures from which little can be understood. Classification is the process of arranging the collected data into groups or classes according to their c…
Types (Bases) of Classification
Data can be classified on four standard bases, according to the nature of the characteristic used.
Frequency Distribution — Discrete and Continuous
A frequency distribution organises quantitative data by listing the values (or groups of values) the variable takes, each against its frequency — the number of times it occurs.
Tabulation of Data — Meaning, Parts and Rules
Tabulation is the process of arranging classified data in rows and columns in a systematic, orderly form called a statistical table.
Exercises
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- Q1Distinguish between primary data and secondary data, giving one example of each.Free
- Q2Explain the various methods of collecting primary data.Free
- Q3Distinguish between a questionnaire and a schedule.Free
- Q4What is secondary data? State its main published and unpublished sources, and the precautions to be taken before using it.Preview
- Q5Define classification of data. State its objectives and describe the different bases of classification.Preview
- Q6Distinguish between a discrete variable and a continuous variable, giving two examples of each.Preview
- Q8Explain the following terms used in a continuous frequency distribution: class limits, class interval (width), class mid-point, and the diff…Preview
- Q9What is tabulation? Describe the main parts of a statistical table.Preview
- Q10State the main rules (requisites) of a good statistical table.Preview