Q.(a) What do you mean by manufacturing cost of producing an article ?

Correct word: Prime cost + factory overhead = WORKS cost (not total cost).

The cost sheet build-up is:

• Prime cost + Factory/Works overhead = Works (Factory) cost
• Works cost + Office & Administration overhead = Cost of production
• Cost of production + Selling & Distribution overhead = Total cost (cost of sales) …

Cost of production = Works (factory) cost + Office/Administration overheads — option (b).

The cost-sheet ladder in +2 Class-12 Cost Accounting (CHSE Odisha, NCERT/CBSE-aligned) is:

Direct material + Direct wages + Direct expenses = Prime cost — option (d).

In +2 Class-12 Cost Accounting (CHSE Odisha), prime cost is the aggregate of all direct costs:

Cost of sales = Cost of production + Selling & Distribution overheads — option (a).

In the cost-sheet build-up (CHSE Odisha +2 Cost Accounting):

The underlined "Factory cost" is wrong — adding selling and distribution overhead to cost of production gives Total Cost (Cost of Sales), the last line of the cost sheet.

The cost sheet builds up in a fixed sequence (a core idea in the CHSE Odisha +2 Class-12 Cost Accounting syllabus):