Give the meaning of birth rate. Discuss the social causes for high birth rate.

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> [!TLDR]
> **Birth rate** = live births per **1000 population per year**. **Social causes** of high birth rate: early and universal marriage, preference for a son, joint family, illiteracy/lack of family-planning awareness, religious-traditional beliefs and the low status of women.
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> **Meaning of birth rate:** The **birth rate** is the **number of live births per 1000 persons of the population in a year**:
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> $$	ext{Birth rate} = \frac{	ext{Number of live births in a year}}{	ext{Total (mid-year) population}} 	imes 1000$$
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> A high birth rate, along with a falling death rate, is the main reason for India's rapid population growth.
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> **Social causes of high birth rate in India:**
> 1. **Early marriage** — marriage at a young age lengthens the child-bearing period, raising the number of children.
> 2. **Universality of marriage** — marriage is treated as a near-compulsory social/religious duty, so almost everyone marries and has children.
> 3. **Preference for a male child** — the desire for a son leads couples to keep having children until a boy is born.
> 4. **Joint-family system** — in joint families the cost of raising extra children is shared, so couples do not feel the burden and have more children.
> 5. **Illiteracy and lack of awareness of family planning** — uneducated couples are often unaware of, or indifferent to, birth-control methods. …

Q.Give the meaning of birth rate. Discuss the social causes for high birth rate.

Concept understanding — Population Growth and Density

Q.Give the meaning of birth rate. Discuss the social causes for high birth rate.

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