Q.Explain any four anti-poverty programmes launched by the Government of India, along with their objectives.

MGNREGA guarantees rural wage employment, NFSA ensures subsidised foodgrains, PMAY provides housing, and PMJDY promotes banking access — each targets a different dimension of poverty. …

The Government of India has launched several programmes aimed at reducing poverty, each targeting a different dimension of deprivation. Four important examples:

1. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), 2005 — legally guarantees at least 100 days of wage employment per year to every rural household willing to do unskilled manual work, providing an income safety net during the lean agricultural season.
2. National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 — gives a legal entitlement to subsidised foodgrains through the Public Distribution System (PDS) to a large share of the population, directly addressing food insecurity among the poor.
3. Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), 2015 — aims to provide affordable pucca housing to rural and urban poor families under the goal of "Housing for All," addressing the shelter dimension of poverty.
4. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), 2014 — aims at universal access to banking and financial services for poor and previously unbanked households, enabling savings, credit access, and direct benefit transfers. …

Students often name programmes without stating the launch year or the specific objective, or confuse similarly-named schemes (e.g., NRLM vs. NFSA). Naming a scheme without ex …