Q.Doctors say Mr. Shaikh is suffering from urolithiasis. How it could be explained in simple words?

'Urolithiasis' is simply the medical term for the condition of having stones (calculi) anywhere in the urinary tract — from the kidney tubules right down to the external opening of the urethra. In simple words, certain substances normally dissolved in urine (commonly calcium salts, but also uric acid, struvite from bacterial infection, or cystine in a genetic disorder) have crystallised out and clumped together into a hard, stone-like mass instead of staying dissolved and passing out smoothly. Depending on where the stone sits and how large it grows, Mr. Shaikh would typically experience intermittent pain below the rib cage in his back and side, urine that looks hazy, brownish, reddish or pinkish (from blood), a frequent urge to urinate, and pain during urination. Doctors would confirm and characterise the stone using …

Explain urolithiasis in plain language using the chapter's classificatio …

• Describing urolithiasis only as 'kidney failure' or 'infection', rather than specifically as stone formation. …