Q.Explain the following terms

1. Mole fraction. The ratio of the number of moles of one particular component to the total number of moles of every component in the solution; for a two-component solution of A in B, $x_A = \dfrac{n_A}{n_A + n_B}$ and $x_B = \dfrac{n_B}{n_A + n_B}$, and $x_A + x_B = 1$.
2. Molarity (M). The number of moles of solute dissolved per litre of SOLUTION: $M = \dfrac{\text{moles of solute}}{\text{volume of solution in litres}}$; because solution volume changes with temperature, molarity itself is temperature-dependent. …

Define each of the three concentration terms with its formula, and note the key mass-vs-volume distinction that makes mol …

• Defining molality using the mass of the SOLUTION instead of the mass of the SOLVENT.
• Assuming molarity and molality are numerically interchangeable — they are equal only in the special …