Allied angles are angles whose sum or difference with a given angle θ is an integer multiple of 2π — i.e. −θ, 2π±θ, π±θ, 23π±θ, 2π±θ. Every trigonometric ratio of an allied angle equals ± the same or the co-ratio of θ, obtained instantly from the compound-angle formulas of the previous concept. The working rule: (i) write the given angle as n⋅90°±θ for the smallest possible acute θ; (ii) if n is even, the ratio name stays the same (sin stays sin); if n is odd, the ratio changes to its co-ratio (sin becomes cos, tan becomes cot); (iii) the sign is decided by the quadrant in which the original angle n⋅90°±θ lies, treating θ as acute. This single rule reduces the trigonometric ratio of ANY angle, however large or negative, to the ratio of an angle between 0° and 90°, and is the tool used to evaluate ratios of angles like 495°,−945° or 1213π.