Q.What could be the equation for Gauss' law of magnetism, if a monopole of pole strength $p$ is enclosed by a surface?

Gauss' law of magnetism states that the net magnetic flux through ANY closed (Gaussian) surface is always exactly zero: $\oint\vec B\cdot d\vec A=0$. This is the direct magnetic analogue of Gauss' law of electrostatics, $\oint\vec E\cdot d\vec A=q_{enclosed}/\varepsilon_0$, but with one crucial difference: the electric law's right-hand side depends on the enclosed electric charge, while the magnetic law's right-hand side is identically zero for every possible closed surface, because there is no such thing as enclosed "magnetic charge" -- isolated magnetic poles do not exist.

This can be seen concretely by comparing a bar magnet (or a current-carrying solenoid, which produces an identical external field pattern) with an electric dipole. A Gaussian surface that does not enclose either pole trivially has equal numbers of field lines entering and leaving. A surface that DOES enclose just the north pole of the magnet might seem, at first, to have more lines leaving than entering -- but any physically realisable thin slice of a magnet still contains both a north-type and a south-type region (since poles are never isolated), so the enclosed net "magnetic charge" remains zero and the flux still comes out to zero. This is fundamentally different from the electric-dipole case, where a surface enclosing just the positive charge DOES have a gen …