Q.Prepare an animated powerpoint presentation to explain mechanisms of hormonal action.

A hormone acts only on cells that carry its receptor. Water-soluble hormones (amines, peptides, proteins) bind a membrane receptor and work through a second messenger such as cAMP; lipid-soluble steroid and thyroid hormones cross the membrane, bind an intracellular receptor and switch genes on in the nucleus. A good presentation animates these two routes side by side. …

Suggested plan.

1. Slide 1 - what a hormone is - a chemical messenger released into the blood in tiny amounts, reaching every cell but acting only on target cells that carry a matching receptor (section 9.9). Animate the hormone arriving at three cells and 'docking' only on the one with the receptor.
2. Slides 2-4 - membrane-receptor route (Fig. 9.23) - a water-soluble hormone (e.g. FSH, adrenaline) that cannot cross the lipid bilayer. Animate: hormone binds the surface receptor -> the hormone-receptor complex releases adenylate cyclase -> ATP is converted to cyclic AMP (the second messenger; also mention Ca2+, cGMP and IP3) -> cAMP switches enzymes on -> biochemical and physiological response (e.g. ovarian growth). Keep the hormone outside the cell throughout.
3. Slides 5-7 - intracellular-receptor route (Fig. 9.24) - a lipid-soluble steroid or thyroid hormone (e.g. oestrogen, thyroxine). Animate: hormone slips through the plasma membrane -> binds a receptor protein in the cytoplasm -> the complex enters the nucleus and binds a regulatory site on DNA -> the gene is transcribed into mRNA -> mRNA is translated into proteins/enzymes -> response (e.g. tissue growth and differentiation).
4. Slide 8 - comparison - a two-column table: type of hormone, where the receptor is, second messenger or not, speed of action (fast vs slow), duration (short vs long-lasting), examples. …