Q.How nanotechnology plays an important role in water purification techniques?

Nanochemistry has contributed to many innovative products across disciplines because of nanoscale materials' unique physical, chemical, optical, structural and catalytic properties. Nanoparticles contribute to stronger, lighter, cleaner and smarter surfaces and systems, used in scratch-proof eyeglasses, transport materials, sunscreen, and crack-resistant paints; sunscreen specifically contains ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles, which protect skin from harmful UV rays by absorbing or reflecting the light. Nanomaterials are used in electronic devices such as Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM). Nanotechnology plays an important role in water purification: with about 1.1 billion people lacking access to an improved water supply, cost-effective filters coated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) act as a highly effective bacterial disinfectant, removing pathogens such as E. coli from water. Self-cleaning materials are illustrated by the lotus plant (Nelumbo nucifera): although it grows in muddy water, its superhydrophobic leaves -- covered in surface nanostructures that repel water and let it carry dirt away as it rolls off -- always appear clean, and this natural 'lotus effect' is the …