(a) Draw a well-labelled diagram of an antibody molecule. (2) **OR** (b) Name any two microbes used in the fol

Question of 117

Q. (a) Draw a well-labelled diagram of an antibody molecule.

(2) OR

(b) Name any two microbes used in the following:

(i) Household products

(ii) Industrial products. (

\tfrac{1}{2}+\tfrac{1}{2}+\tfrac{1}{2}+\tfrac{1}{2}=2

)

Meghalaya MboseMBOSE Meghalaya Intermediate Board 2026Subjective· 2mImportance★★★★★

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Figure — The stem hard-instructs 'Draw a well-labelled diagram of an antibody molecule' and the answer answers that ant

An antibody has a Y-shaped four-chain structure with antigen-binding tips; alternatively, common microbes serve both household food processes and larger industrial fermentation processes.

Antibody molecule diagram (description): An antibody (immunoglobulin) is built from four polypeptide chains: two identical, longer 'heavy' chains and two identical, shorter 'light' chains, all linked together by disulfide (–S–S–) bonds, forming an overall Y-shape. Each of the four chains has a constant region and a variable region; the variable regions, located at the tips of the two upper arms of the Y, form the two antigen-binding sites, which recognise and bind specifically to a particular antigen. The stem of the Y (made of the constant regions of the heavy chains) is involved in interacting with other components of the immune system.
Alternative — Microbes used in household and industrial products:

Household products: Lactobacillus (and related lactic acid bacteria) is used in the preparation of curd/yoghurt from milk; Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) is used to leaven bread dough. …

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Same / Similar Concept — real previous-year questions on the same or a closely similar concept, not this exact question.

CBSE 2026Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. Identify the parts labelled A, B, C and D in the diagram of an antibody molecule and select the correct options :$
(a) A – Light chains, B – Heavy chains, C – Antigen-binding sites, D – Disulphide bonds
(b) A – Disulphide bonds, B – Antigen-binding sites, C – Heavy chains, D – Light chains
(c) A – Antigen-binding sites, B – Light chains, C – Heavy chains, D – Disulphide bonds
(d) A – Antigen-binding sites, B – Disulphide bonds, C – Light chains, D – Heavy chains
›Reveal solutionSolution
An antibody is a Y-shaped H2L2 molecule: the two arm tips are the antigen-binding sites, the two short outer chains are light chains, the two long chains are heavy chains, and the chains are held together by disulphide bonds — matching option (c).

In the CBSE/NCERT Human Health and Disease chapter, an antibody (immunoglobulin) is written as H2L2:

A – Antigen-binding sites: the two tips of the Y (the variable regions) where the specific antigen binds.

B – Light chains: two short polypeptide chains.

C – Heavy chains: two long polypeptide chains. …
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CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 mark
$Q. Fill in the blank: Antibody molecule has ___ peptide chains.$
›Reveal solutionSolution

An antibody (immunoglobulin) molecule is a Y-shaped protein made of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains.

Each antibody unit consists of two long, identical heavy (H) chains and two short, identical light (L) chains, held together by disulfide bonds to form a characteristic Y-shaped structure. Each chain has a variable region (which determines antigen spec …

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CBSE 2023Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. Antibodies in the blood are secreted by which?$
(a) monocytes
(b) neutrophils
(c) lymphocytes
(d) basophils
›Reveal solutionSolution

Lymphocytes (B-cells/plasma cells) secrete antibodies.

Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are the proteins of humoral immunity. They are produced by B-lymphocytes, which on activation differentiate into plasma cells that secrete large amounts of antibody into the blood. Monocytes, neutrophils and basoph …

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CBSE 2022Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
$Q. The study of the interaction between antigen and antibody in the blood is called$
(a) serology
(b) hematology
(c) cryobiology
(d) angiology
›Reveal solutionSolution

The study of antigen–antibody interactions in blood is serology, so the answer is (A).

Serology is the branch of science dealing with blood serum and, in particular, with immune reactions between antigens and antibodies. Serological tests (such as agglutination and ELISA) detect specific antibodies or antigens in the blood and are used to diagnose infections and determine blood groups.

…

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CBSE 2019Set ZOOLOGY1 markMCQ
$Q. Immunoglobulins are$
(a) antigens
(b) antiseptics
(c) antibiotics
(d) antibodies
›Reveal solutionSolution

Immunoglobulins (Igs) are the technical name for the antibody proteins produced by the immune system's B-cell lineage to specifically recognise and neutralise antigens.

Reasoning

Immunoglobulins are a class of glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells (differentiated B-lymphocytes) as part of the humoral (antibody-mediated) immune response. Each immunoglobulin/antibody molecule is Y-shaped and specifically recognises and binds to a particular antigen, helping neutralise it or mark it for destruction by other components of the immune system. Immunoglobulins are, by def …

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CBSE 2018Set ANNUAL1 mark
$Q. Name the type of antibodies produced during allergy.$
›Reveal solutionSolution

Allergic responses are mediated by IgE antibodies.

Concept. An allergy is a hypersensitive immune reaction to allergens such as pollen, dust mites or certain foods. The KSEAB Class-12 syllabus (aligned with NCERT/CBSE) covers this under human health and disease.

…

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Q.(a) Draw a well-labelled diagram of an antibody molecule.

Concept understanding — Structure of an Antibody (Immunoglobulin)

Structure of an Antibody (Immunoglobulin)

Q.(a) Draw a well-labelled diagram of an antibody molecule.

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