Q.Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. A physical education teacher sets up a 10-station circuit for Class 12 students: squats, push-ups, planks, lunges, pull-ups, crunches and four other exercises arranged in a loop, with 30 seconds of work at each station. One student, Kabir, rests for 2 minutes after every station because he wants to give his best at each exercise. Another student, Sana, rearranges her sequence so that push-ups are immediately followed by the bench press, working the same muscles at consecutive stations.

Circuit Training Design: A First Look

Imagine you are planning a fitness routine. You wouldn't do the same exercise for two hours straight — you'd get bored, your muscles would fatigue, and you'd risk injury. Instead, you'd mix things up: a few minutes of running, then some push-ups, then stretches, then back to running. That mix of different activities, done in a planned sequence, is the basic idea behind circuit training.

Now, Circuit Training Design is the science of planning that sequence. It is the deliberate arrangement of different exercises (or "stations") into a loop, or circuit, that a person completes in order. The key word is design — it is not random; it is a structured plan with a clear purpose.

The Core Idea: A Loop of Stations

In a circuit, you move from one exercise station to the next, performing a specific task at each, then moving on. You complete the entire loop — that is one "round." You might do two or three rounds in a session.

The design of this circuit depends on what you want to achieve. For example:

• Endurance: You might use lighter weights but more repetitions, with short rest periods.
• Strength: You might use heavier weights, fewer repetitions, and longer rest between stations.
• General fitness: You might mix cardio (jumping jacks) with strength (squats) and flexibility (lunges).

The NCERT textbook (Class 12 Physical Education, Chapter on Training in Sports) defines circuit training as a method where you perform a series of exercises in a predetermined order, with or without rest between stations. The design is what makes it effective.

Why Design Matters

A poorly designed circuit is just random exercise. A well-designed circuit is a tool. Here is why the design is crucial:

• Targets specific fitness components. You can design a circuit to improve cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, speed, or agility — or a combination.
• Prevents overtraining. By alternating muscle groups (e.g., arms then legs then core), you give one group rest while another works.
• Keeps motivation high. Variety in stations prevents boredom.
• Is time-efficient. A full-body workout can be done in 20–30 minutes.

Key Elements of Circuit Training Design

When designing a circuit, a trainer considers these factors:

• Number of stations: Typically 6 to 12, depending on time and space.
• Work-to-rest ratio: How long you exercise at a station versus how long you rest before moving. Common ratios are 1:1 (30 seconds work, 30 seconds rest) or 2:1 (40 seconds work, 20 seconds rest).
• Order of exercises: Alternate between upper body, lower body, and core. Avoid putting two heavy leg exercises back-to-back.
• Intensity: How hard the exercise is (e.g., using weights vs. bodyweight).
• Duration: How long the entire session lasts (e.g., 20 minutes for beginners, 45 minutes for advanced).

A Simple Example (No Numbers)

Suppose you want to design a circuit for a class of beginners. You might set up 8 stations:

1. Jumping jacks (cardio)
2. Push-ups (upper body)
3. Squats (lower body)
4. Plank hold (core)
5. High knees (cardio)
6. Triceps dips (upper body)
7. Lunges (lower body)
8. Bicycle crunches (core) …