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Q.The stabilisation of a half filled d-orbital is more pronounced than that of the p-orbital. Why?

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Step 1. Half-filled stabilisation comes from two effects: symmetrical charge distribution and exchange energy (section 2.6.5). Both scale with how many degenerate orbitals are available in the subshell.

Step 2. A p-subshell has 3 degenerate orbitals; when half-filled (p3p^3), the number of possible pairwise exchanges among the 3 parallel-spin electrons is (32)=3\binom{3}{2}=3.

Step 3. A d-subshell has 5 degenerate orbitals; when half-filled (d5d^5), the number of possible pairwise exchanges among the 5 parallel-spin electrons is (52)=10\binom{5}{2}=10. …

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