Q.Consider the following statements.
(I) The number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of neutrons in it.
(II) The number of protons in an atom is called its mass number.
(III) Electrons and the nucleus are held together by electrostatic forces of attraction.
Which of the above statement/s is/are not correct?

Niels Bohr rescued Rutherford's nuclear atom from classical electromagnetism's prediction of collapse by proposing that electrons occupy only certain fixed, non-radiating stationary orbits, in which the angular momentum is quantised as an integer multiple of $h/2\pi$: $mvr=nh/2\pi$. While an electron sits in a stationary orbit it does not radiate energy, no matter what classical theory says about accelerated charges - this single postulate is what makes atoms stable. An electron only emits or absorbs energy when it jumps between orbits, and the photon involved carries exactly the energy difference between the two orbits, $E_2-E_1=h\nu$.

For any one-electron ("hydrogen-like") species of atomic number $Z$ - hydrogen itself, or an ion such as $\text{He}^+$ or $\text{Li}^{2+}$ - solving the model gives closed-form results for the radius and energy of the $n$th orbit:

$r_n=\left(0.529\,\frac{n^2}{Z}\right)\text{Å}\qquad\qquad E_n=-\left(\frac{13.6\,Z^2}{n^2}\right)\text{eV atom}^{-1}=-\left(\frac{1312.8\,Z^2}{n^2}\right)\text{kJ mol}^{-1}$ …