Q.What is a Certificate of Incorporation?

Incorporation is the stage at which a company actually comes into legal existence, and this certificate is the proof of it. …

When promoters wish to form a company, they must file the Memorandum of Association, the Articles of Association, a declaration of compliance, and details of the proposed directors with the Registrar of Companies (ROC) of the State where the registered office is to be located. Once the Registrar is satisfied that all the requirements of the Companies Act, 2013 relating to registration have been complied with, the company's name is entered on the register of companies and the Registrar issues a Certificate of Incorporation. This certificate is treated as conclusive evidence that all the legal requirements for registration have been met, and it fixes the precise date from which the company be …

Students sometimes confuse the Certificate of Incorporation (proof of the company's legal birth) with the historical "Certificate of Commencement of Business" (permission to actually start oper …