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II. Short Answer Questions · Q13

Q.Define weight.

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Concept understanding — Weightlessness

Weight versus gravitational force. The gravitational force on a mass mm is always mgmg, pointing straight down. Weight, though, is formally defined as the magnitude of the upward force needed to hold the object at rest (or constant velocity) -- ordinarily, this is just the normal reaction force from whatever surface supports the object, so W=N=mgW=N=mg when nothing is accelerating. They agree numerically at rest, but conceptually they are different quantities: weight is about the support force, not the gravitational pull itself.

Apparent weight in an accelerating lift. Applying Newton's second law to a person of mass mm standing on a scale in a lift gives:

  • At rest / constant velocity: N=mgN=mg -- apparent weight equals true weight.
  • Accelerating upward (acceleration aa): N=m(g+a)N=m(g+a) -- apparent weight is greater than mgmg (the "heavy" feeling as a lift starts going up).
  • Accelerating downward (acceleration aa): N=m(g−a)N=m(g-a) -- apparent weight is less than mgmg (the "light" feeling as a lift starts going down).
  • Free fall (a=ga=g, e.g. cable cut): N=m(g−g)=0N=m(g-g)=0. The scale reads exactly zero -- this is weightlessness. …

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