Q.Write the causes for diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus.

Step 1. Diabetes mellitus (hyperglycaemia) is caused by reduced insulin secretion, so blood glucose is not taken up by cells and remains elevated.

Step 2. It has two distinct causes: Type I diabetes (insulin-dependent) is caused by an actual lack of insulin secretion, often triggered by illness or viral infection; Type II diabetes (non-insulin-dependent) is caused by reduced tissue sensitivity to the insulin present, known as insulin resistance.

Step 3. Diabetes insipidus is an entirely different disorder involving a different hormone and gland: it is caused by hyposecretion of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH) from the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary). …

Separate the two 'diabetes' names by their actual hormone and gland, then …

• Treating diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus as variants of the same disease because they share the word 'diabetes', when they involve entirely different h …