Q.Write the characteristics that contributes to the success of reptiles on land.

Step 1. Amphibians remain tied to water because their moist, glandular skin loses water easily and their eggs and larvae must develop in or near water. Reptiles solve the first problem with dry, cornified skin bearing epidermal scales or scutes, which drastically reduces water loss and allows life in a much wider range of terrestrial habitats.

Step 2. Reptiles solve the reproductive problem with the cleidoic (shelled) egg, protected by extraembryonic membranes — the amnion (a fluid-filled sac cushioning and protecting the embryo), the allantois (for waste storage and gas exchange), the chorion, and a yolk sac for nutrition — collectively the amniote egg, which can develop entirely on dry land. …

Work through each 'water-dependency' problem amphibians face and name the specific …

• Naming only the shelled egg and forgetting the equally important dry, scaled skin that prevents water loss. …