Q.Match the following:

Classification systems have changed dramatically over more than two thousand years. The earliest known schemes used only very coarse criteria — whether an animal was considered beneficial or harmful to humans — and one ancient system recognised just five broad animal groups: domestic, wild, creeping, flying and sea animals, based purely on habitat and outward form.

Aristotle (384–322 BC) was the first to attempt a genuinely systematic classification, in his work History of Animals (Historia Animalium). He first split all living things into Plants and Animals, then classified animals by their mode of locomotion — walking (terrestrial), flying (aerial), and swimming (aquatic) — and separately by whether they possessed red blood (Enaima) or not (Anaima). This system had serious limitations: because it relied on a single observable trait, it grouped organisms that are not actually closely related. Birds, bats and flying insects were all classified together simply because they fly, even though ostriches, emus and penguins are birds that cannot fly and would not have fit Aristotle's own logic, and frogs — which live in water as gilled tadpoles but breathe air as adult lungs-bearing frogs — did not fit cleanly into any single locomotion-based group. Despite these flaws, Aristotle's system remained in use for roughly two thousand years, until around 1700. …