Q.Name the seven contrasting traits studied by Mendel.

Green cotyledon is the recessive alternative to Mendel's dominant yellow-cotyledon trait in garden pea.

Among the seven contrasting characters Gregor Mendel studied in the garden pea, seed/cotyledon colour was one pair: yellow cotyledon colour is dominant and green cotyledon colour is recessive. When Mendel crossed pure-breeding yellow-seeded and green-seeded plants, the F1 generation was uniformly yellow, and self-pollinating the F1 produced an F2 generation showing yellow and green seeds in the classic 3:1 ratio, demonstrating that yellow masks green in heterozygotes and that green reappears only when both alleles are recessive. The other listed options are not the alternative state of this specific character: white cotyle …

Garden pea gametes carry 7 chromosomes, half the somatic count of 14.

Pisum sativum, the species Gregor Mendel used to establish the laws of inheritance, has a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 14 in its somatic (body) cells. During meiosis in the reproductive organs, homologous chromosome pairs separate so that each resulting gamete (pollen or egg cell) receives exactly one chromosome from each of the 7 homologous pairs, giving a haploid gamete count of n = 7. When a pollen gamete (n=7) fuses with an egg gamete (n=7) at fertilisation, the resulting zygote is restored to the diploid number, 2n = 14, maintaining chromosome num …