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Exercise 8.6 · Q1

Q.If u(x,y)=x2y+3xy4, x=etu(x,y)=x^2y+3xy^4,\ x=e^t and y=sin⁡ty=\sin t, find dudt\dfrac{du}{dt} and evaluate it at t=0t=0.

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✓ Free question

Apply Theorem 8.2 with x=et, y=sin⁡tx=e^t,\,y=\sin t: form ux,uy,dx/dt,dy/dtu_x,u_y,dx/dt,dy/dt, combine, then substitute t=0t=0.

Step 1. Partial derivatives of uu. ux=2xy+3y4u_x=2xy+3y^4. uy=x2+12xy3\quad u_y=x^2+12xy^3.

Step 2. Derivatives of x,yx,y w.r.t. tt. dxdt=et\dfrac{dx}{dt}=e^t. dydt=cos⁡t\quad\dfrac{dy}{dt}=\cos t.

Step 3. Apply the chain rule (16).

dudt=uxdxdt+uydydt=(2xy+3y4)et+(x2+12xy3)cos⁡t.\frac{du}{dt} = u_x\frac{dx}{dt}+u_y\frac{dy}{dt} = (2xy+3y^4)e^t + (x^2+12xy^3)\cos t.

Step 4. Evaluate at t=0t=0. At t=0t=0: x=e0=1, y=sin⁡0=0x=e^0=1,\ y=\sin0=0.

ux(1,0)=2(1)(0)+3(0)4=0u_x(1,0)=2(1)(0)+3(0)^4=0. uy(1,0)=12+12(1)(0)3=1\quad u_y(1,0)=1^2+12(1)(0)^3=1. dx/dt∣0=e0=1\quad dx/dt|_0=e^0=1. dy/dt∣0=cos⁡0=1\quad dy/dt|_0=\cos0=1.

dudt∣t=0=(0)(1)+(1)(1)=1.\frac{du}{dt}\bigg|_{t=0} = (0)(1)+(1)(1) = 1.

✓Final answer

dudt=(2xy+3y4)et+(x2+12xy3)cos⁡t\dfrac{du}{dt}=(2xy+3y^4)e^t+(x^2+12xy^3)\cos t, and at t=0t=0: dudt=1\dfrac{du}{dt}=\boxed{1}

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