Q.The chromium ions doped in the ruby rod :
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →The chromium ions doped in a ruby rod absorb green light from the pump (flash) lamp as part of the optical pumping process.
A ruby rod is aluminium oxide () doped with a small percentage of chromium ions (), which have the relevant energy-level structure for lasing. A xenon flash lamp surrounding the rod emits an intense burst of white light, and the chromium ions are excited from the ground state up into higher (pump) energy bands mainly by absorbing the green component of this light. From these pump bands, the ions quickly undergo a fast, non-radiative (heat-releasing) transition down to a lower-lying, longer-lived metastable state — this is the population-inversion step. Stimulated emission from that metastable state back to the ground state then produces the ruby laser's characteristic output: deep-red light at 694.3 nm.
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