Q.What are recombinant vaccines?. Explain the types.

Step 1. Define recombinant vaccines generally: they are vaccines produced using recombinant DNA technology to overcome the limitations of traditional vaccine production, generally giving more uniform quality and fewer side effects than conventionally produced vaccines. Step 2. Describe subunit recombinant vaccines: built from a component of the pathogen — a protein, peptide or DNA fragment — rather than the whole organism, giving purity, stability and safety; the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (HBsAg cloned into yeast) is the chapter's worked example and was the world's first synthetic vaccine (1997). Step 3. Describe attenuated recombinant vaccines: these use a genetically modified pathogenic bacterium or virus that has been made non-pathogenic, allowing it to be used live as a vaccine. Step 4. Describe DNA vaccines: a plasmid carrying a gene for an antigenic protein is introduced into the target's cells, which manufacture and display the antigen, provoking an antibody response, without risk of causing the actual disease since only a few pathogen genes are present. Step 5. Describe edible vaccines: produced b …

Define recombinant vaccines generally, then describe each named type (subunit, attenuated, DNA, edible) with its own mechan …

• Listing only subunit and attenuated vaccines and forgetting DNA and edible vaccines, both of which the chapter also names as recombinant vaccine types. …