Q.What is vaccine? What are its types?
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Start your 14-day free trial to unlock the full solution →Step 1. A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease, usually made from weakened, killed, or partial forms of the disease-causing microbe.
Step 2. By delivering only small, harmless amounts of the pathogen or its parts, a vaccine lets the immune system learn to recognise the organism without the recipient experiencing the actual disease; booster doses are sometimes needed to sustain protection.
Step 3. First-generation vaccines are subdivided into: live attenuated vaccines (weakened live pathogen, e.g. MMR, varicella); killed/inactivated vaccines (pathogen inactivated by heat/chemicals, e.g. Salk's polio vaccine); and toxoid vaccines (an inactivated toxin, e.g. the DPT vaccine).
Step 4. Second-generation vaccines contain only the pathogen's pure surface antigen (e.g. Hepatitis-B vaccine). …
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