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Zoology · Class 12 Science

Ch 1Reproduction in Organisms — Class 12 Zoology, concept-first.

Every living organism moves through the same broad life cycle — birth, growth, development, maturation, reproduction and death — and reproduction is the one step every organism, without exception, shares.

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Parthenogenesis

Parthenogenesis is the development of an unfertilized egg into a complete new individual without fertilization ever taking place, first discovered by Charles Bonnet in 1745. It comes in two main forms.

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Chapter contents

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Introduction

Every living organism moves through the same broad life cycle — birth, growth, development, maturation, reproduction and death — and reproduction is the one step every organism, without exception, sha…

1.1

Modes of Reproduction

Every mode of reproduction, however different it looks on the surface, shares a few basic cellular events underneath: synthesis of RNA and proteins, replication of DNA, cell division and growth, the f…

+Evaluation16 questions
  1. Q1In which type of parthenogenesis are only males produced? a) Arrhenotoky b) Thelytoky c) Amphitoky d) Both a and bFree
  2. Q2Animals giving birth to young ones: a) Oviparous b) Oviviviparous c) Viviparous d) Both a and bFree
  3. Q3The mode of reproduction in bacteria is by a) Formation of gametes b) Endospore formation c) Conjugation d) Zoospore formationFree
  4. Q4In which mode of reproduction variations are seen a) Asexual b) Parthenogenesis c) Sexual d) Both a and bPreview
  5. Q5Assertion and reasoning questions: In each of the following questions there are two statements. One is assertion (A) and other is reasoning…Preview
  6. Q6Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reproduction.Preview
  7. Q7Name the phenomenon where the female gamete directly develops into a new organism with an avian example.Preview
  8. Q8What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animalsPreview
  9. Q9Which type of reproduction is effective -Asexual or sexual and why?Preview
  10. Q10The unicellular organisms which reproduce by binary fission are considered immortal. Justify.Preview
  11. Q11Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred as a clone?Preview
  12. Q12Why are the offsprings of oviparous animal at a greater risk as compared to offsprings of viviparous organisms?Preview
  13. Q13Give reasons for the following: (a) Some organisms like honey bees are called parthenogenetic animals (b) A male honey bee has 16 chromosome…Preview
  14. Q14Differentiate between the following: (a) Binary fission in amoeba and multiple fission in Plasmodium (b) Budding in yeast and budding in Hyd…Preview
  15. Q15How is juvenile phase different from reproductive phase?Preview
  16. Q16What is the difference between syngamy and fertilization?Preview
1.2

Asexual Reproduction

Asexual reproduction is by far the most widespread reproductive strategy among simple, single-celled and lower multicellular organisms, being especially common in members of Protista, Bacteria, Archae…

+Evaluation16 questions
  1. Q1In which type of parthenogenesis are only males produced? a) Arrhenotoky b) Thelytoky c) Amphitoky d) Both a and bFree
  2. Q2Animals giving birth to young ones: a) Oviparous b) Oviviviparous c) Viviparous d) Both a and bFree
  3. Q3The mode of reproduction in bacteria is by a) Formation of gametes b) Endospore formation c) Conjugation d) Zoospore formationFree
  4. Q4In which mode of reproduction variations are seen a) Asexual b) Parthenogenesis c) Sexual d) Both a and bPreview
  5. Q5Assertion and reasoning questions: In each of the following questions there are two statements. One is assertion (A) and other is reasoning…Preview
  6. Q6Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reproduction.Preview
  7. Q7Name the phenomenon where the female gamete directly develops into a new organism with an avian example.Preview
  8. Q8What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animalsPreview
  9. Q9Which type of reproduction is effective -Asexual or sexual and why?Preview
  10. Q10The unicellular organisms which reproduce by binary fission are considered immortal. Justify.Preview
  11. Q11Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred as a clone?Preview
  12. Q12Why are the offsprings of oviparous animal at a greater risk as compared to offsprings of viviparous organisms?Preview
  13. Q13Give reasons for the following: (a) Some organisms like honey bees are called parthenogenetic animals (b) A male honey bee has 16 chromosome…Preview
  14. Q14Differentiate between the following: (a) Binary fission in amoeba and multiple fission in Plasmodium (b) Budding in yeast and budding in Hyd…Preview
  15. Q15How is juvenile phase different from reproductive phase?Preview
  16. Q16What is the difference between syngamy and fertilization?Preview
1.2.1

Binary Fission and Its Types

Fission is the division of a parent organism's body into two or more genetically identical daughter individuals, and animals show four distinct kinds of fission overall - binary fission, multiple fiss…

+Evaluation16 questions
  1. Q1In which type of parthenogenesis are only males produced? a) Arrhenotoky b) Thelytoky c) Amphitoky d) Both a and bFree
  2. Q2Animals giving birth to young ones: a) Oviparous b) Oviviviparous c) Viviparous d) Both a and bFree
  3. Q3The mode of reproduction in bacteria is by a) Formation of gametes b) Endospore formation c) Conjugation d) Zoospore formationFree
  4. Q4In which mode of reproduction variations are seen a) Asexual b) Parthenogenesis c) Sexual d) Both a and bPreview
  5. Q5Assertion and reasoning questions: In each of the following questions there are two statements. One is assertion (A) and other is reasoning…Preview
  6. Q6Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reproduction.Preview
  7. Q7Name the phenomenon where the female gamete directly develops into a new organism with an avian example.Preview
  8. Q8What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animalsPreview
  9. Q9Which type of reproduction is effective -Asexual or sexual and why?Preview
  10. Q10The unicellular organisms which reproduce by binary fission are considered immortal. Justify.Preview
  11. Q11Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred as a clone?Preview
  12. Q12Why are the offsprings of oviparous animal at a greater risk as compared to offsprings of viviparous organisms?Preview
  13. Q13Give reasons for the following: (a) Some organisms like honey bees are called parthenogenetic animals (b) A male honey bee has 16 chromosome…Preview
  14. Q14Differentiate between the following: (a) Binary fission in amoeba and multiple fission in Plasmodium (b) Budding in yeast and budding in Hyd…Preview
  15. Q15How is juvenile phase different from reproductive phase?Preview
  16. Q16What is the difference between syngamy and fertilization?Preview
1.2.2

Multiple Fission, Sporulation and Strobilation

In multiple fission, the parent's nucleus divides repeatedly first, without any accompanying division of the cytoplasm; only once many daughter nuclei have formed does the cytoplasm itself divide, spl…

+Evaluation16 questions
  1. Q1In which type of parthenogenesis are only males produced? a) Arrhenotoky b) Thelytoky c) Amphitoky d) Both a and bFree
  2. Q2Animals giving birth to young ones: a) Oviparous b) Oviviviparous c) Viviparous d) Both a and bFree
  3. Q3The mode of reproduction in bacteria is by a) Formation of gametes b) Endospore formation c) Conjugation d) Zoospore formationFree
  4. Q4In which mode of reproduction variations are seen a) Asexual b) Parthenogenesis c) Sexual d) Both a and bPreview
  5. Q5Assertion and reasoning questions: In each of the following questions there are two statements. One is assertion (A) and other is reasoning…Preview
  6. Q6Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reproduction.Preview
  7. Q7Name the phenomenon where the female gamete directly develops into a new organism with an avian example.Preview
  8. Q8What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animalsPreview
  9. Q9Which type of reproduction is effective -Asexual or sexual and why?Preview
  10. Q10The unicellular organisms which reproduce by binary fission are considered immortal. Justify.Preview
  11. Q11Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred as a clone?Preview
  12. Q12Why are the offsprings of oviparous animal at a greater risk as compared to offsprings of viviparous organisms?Preview
  13. Q13Give reasons for the following: (a) Some organisms like honey bees are called parthenogenetic animals (b) A male honey bee has 16 chromosome…Preview
  14. Q14Differentiate between the following: (a) Binary fission in amoeba and multiple fission in Plasmodium (b) Budding in yeast and budding in Hyd…Preview
  15. Q15How is juvenile phase different from reproductive phase?Preview
  16. Q16What is the difference between syngamy and fertilization?Preview
1.2.3

Budding in Animals

In budding, the parent body produces one or more small outgrowths, or buds, each of which grows into a young individual and typically separates from the parent to lead an independent life; in simple t…

+Evaluation16 questions
  1. Q1In which type of parthenogenesis are only males produced? a) Arrhenotoky b) Thelytoky c) Amphitoky d) Both a and bFree
  2. Q2Animals giving birth to young ones: a) Oviparous b) Oviviviparous c) Viviparous d) Both a and bFree
  3. Q3The mode of reproduction in bacteria is by a) Formation of gametes b) Endospore formation c) Conjugation d) Zoospore formationFree
  4. Q4In which mode of reproduction variations are seen a) Asexual b) Parthenogenesis c) Sexual d) Both a and bPreview
  5. Q5Assertion and reasoning questions: In each of the following questions there are two statements. One is assertion (A) and other is reasoning…Preview
  6. Q6Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reproduction.Preview
  7. Q7Name the phenomenon where the female gamete directly develops into a new organism with an avian example.Preview
  8. Q8What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animalsPreview
  9. Q9Which type of reproduction is effective -Asexual or sexual and why?Preview
  10. Q10The unicellular organisms which reproduce by binary fission are considered immortal. Justify.Preview
  11. Q11Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred as a clone?Preview
  12. Q12Why are the offsprings of oviparous animal at a greater risk as compared to offsprings of viviparous organisms?Preview
  13. Q13Give reasons for the following: (a) Some organisms like honey bees are called parthenogenetic animals (b) A male honey bee has 16 chromosome…Preview
  14. Q14Differentiate between the following: (a) Binary fission in amoeba and multiple fission in Plasmodium (b) Budding in yeast and budding in Hyd…Preview
  15. Q15How is juvenile phase different from reproductive phase?Preview
  16. Q16What is the difference between syngamy and fertilization?Preview
1.2.4

Fragmentation and Apolysis

In fragmentation, the parent body simply breaks apart into separate pieces, and each such fragment carries the potential to develop into a complete new individual on its own.

+Evaluation16 questions
  1. Q1In which type of parthenogenesis are only males produced? a) Arrhenotoky b) Thelytoky c) Amphitoky d) Both a and bFree
  2. Q2Animals giving birth to young ones: a) Oviparous b) Oviviviparous c) Viviparous d) Both a and bFree
  3. Q3The mode of reproduction in bacteria is by a) Formation of gametes b) Endospore formation c) Conjugation d) Zoospore formationFree
  4. Q4In which mode of reproduction variations are seen a) Asexual b) Parthenogenesis c) Sexual d) Both a and bPreview
  5. Q5Assertion and reasoning questions: In each of the following questions there are two statements. One is assertion (A) and other is reasoning…Preview
  6. Q6Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reproduction.Preview
  7. Q7Name the phenomenon where the female gamete directly develops into a new organism with an avian example.Preview
  8. Q8What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animalsPreview
  9. Q9Which type of reproduction is effective -Asexual or sexual and why?Preview
  10. Q10The unicellular organisms which reproduce by binary fission are considered immortal. Justify.Preview
  11. Q11Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred as a clone?Preview
  12. Q12Why are the offsprings of oviparous animal at a greater risk as compared to offsprings of viviparous organisms?Preview
  13. Q13Give reasons for the following: (a) Some organisms like honey bees are called parthenogenetic animals (b) A male honey bee has 16 chromosome…Preview
  14. Q14Differentiate between the following: (a) Binary fission in amoeba and multiple fission in Plasmodium (b) Budding in yeast and budding in Hyd…Preview
  15. Q15How is juvenile phase different from reproductive phase?Preview
  16. Q16What is the difference between syngamy and fertilization?Preview
1.2.5

Regeneration - Morphallaxis and Epimorphosis

Regeneration is the regrowth of an injured or missing region of the body, and it was first studied scientifically in Hydra by Abraham Trembley as far back as 1740.

+Evaluation16 questions
  1. Q1In which type of parthenogenesis are only males produced? a) Arrhenotoky b) Thelytoky c) Amphitoky d) Both a and bFree
  2. Q2Animals giving birth to young ones: a) Oviparous b) Oviviviparous c) Viviparous d) Both a and bFree
  3. Q3The mode of reproduction in bacteria is by a) Formation of gametes b) Endospore formation c) Conjugation d) Zoospore formationFree
  4. Q4In which mode of reproduction variations are seen a) Asexual b) Parthenogenesis c) Sexual d) Both a and bPreview
  5. Q5Assertion and reasoning questions: In each of the following questions there are two statements. One is assertion (A) and other is reasoning…Preview
  6. Q6Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reproduction.Preview
  7. Q7Name the phenomenon where the female gamete directly develops into a new organism with an avian example.Preview
  8. Q8What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animalsPreview
  9. Q9Which type of reproduction is effective -Asexual or sexual and why?Preview
  10. Q10The unicellular organisms which reproduce by binary fission are considered immortal. Justify.Preview
  11. Q11Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred as a clone?Preview
  12. Q12Why are the offsprings of oviparous animal at a greater risk as compared to offsprings of viviparous organisms?Preview
  13. Q13Give reasons for the following: (a) Some organisms like honey bees are called parthenogenetic animals (b) A male honey bee has 16 chromosome…Preview
  14. Q14Differentiate between the following: (a) Binary fission in amoeba and multiple fission in Plasmodium (b) Budding in yeast and budding in Hyd…Preview
  15. Q15How is juvenile phase different from reproductive phase?Preview
  16. Q16What is the difference between syngamy and fertilization?Preview
1.3

Sexual Reproduction

Sexual reproduction is built around the fusion of a male gamete and a female gamete to form a diploid zygote, which then develops into a completely new organism; because two different parental genomes…

+Evaluation16 questions
  1. Q1In which type of parthenogenesis are only males produced? a) Arrhenotoky b) Thelytoky c) Amphitoky d) Both a and bFree
  2. Q2Animals giving birth to young ones: a) Oviparous b) Oviviviparous c) Viviparous d) Both a and bFree
  3. Q3The mode of reproduction in bacteria is by a) Formation of gametes b) Endospore formation c) Conjugation d) Zoospore formationFree
  4. Q4In which mode of reproduction variations are seen a) Asexual b) Parthenogenesis c) Sexual d) Both a and bPreview
  5. Q5Assertion and reasoning questions: In each of the following questions there are two statements. One is assertion (A) and other is reasoning…Preview
  6. Q6Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reproduction.Preview
  7. Q7Name the phenomenon where the female gamete directly develops into a new organism with an avian example.Preview
  8. Q8What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animalsPreview
  9. Q9Which type of reproduction is effective -Asexual or sexual and why?Preview
  10. Q10The unicellular organisms which reproduce by binary fission are considered immortal. Justify.Preview
  11. Q11Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred as a clone?Preview
  12. Q12Why are the offsprings of oviparous animal at a greater risk as compared to offsprings of viviparous organisms?Preview
  13. Q13Give reasons for the following: (a) Some organisms like honey bees are called parthenogenetic animals (b) A male honey bee has 16 chromosome…Preview
  14. Q14Differentiate between the following: (a) Binary fission in amoeba and multiple fission in Plasmodium (b) Budding in yeast and budding in Hyd…Preview
  15. Q15How is juvenile phase different from reproductive phase?Preview
  16. Q16What is the difference between syngamy and fertilization?Preview
1.3.1

Fertilization - Internal and External

Syngamy - what is more commonly called fertilization - is the fusion of two haploid gametes to produce a single diploid zygote, and depending on exactly where in the environment this fusion takes plac…

+Evaluation16 questions
  1. Q1In which type of parthenogenesis are only males produced? a) Arrhenotoky b) Thelytoky c) Amphitoky d) Both a and bFree
  2. Q2Animals giving birth to young ones: a) Oviparous b) Oviviviparous c) Viviparous d) Both a and bFree
  3. Q3The mode of reproduction in bacteria is by a) Formation of gametes b) Endospore formation c) Conjugation d) Zoospore formationFree
  4. Q4In which mode of reproduction variations are seen a) Asexual b) Parthenogenesis c) Sexual d) Both a and bPreview
  5. Q5Assertion and reasoning questions: In each of the following questions there are two statements. One is assertion (A) and other is reasoning…Preview
  6. Q6Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reproduction.Preview
  7. Q7Name the phenomenon where the female gamete directly develops into a new organism with an avian example.Preview
  8. Q8What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animalsPreview
  9. Q9Which type of reproduction is effective -Asexual or sexual and why?Preview
  10. Q10The unicellular organisms which reproduce by binary fission are considered immortal. Justify.Preview
  11. Q11Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred as a clone?Preview
  12. Q12Why are the offsprings of oviparous animal at a greater risk as compared to offsprings of viviparous organisms?Preview
  13. Q13Give reasons for the following: (a) Some organisms like honey bees are called parthenogenetic animals (b) A male honey bee has 16 chromosome…Preview
  14. Q14Differentiate between the following: (a) Binary fission in amoeba and multiple fission in Plasmodium (b) Budding in yeast and budding in Hyd…Preview
  15. Q15How is juvenile phase different from reproductive phase?Preview
  16. Q16What is the difference between syngamy and fertilization?Preview
1.3.2

Types of Syngamy - Autogamy to Anisogamy

Beyond the simple external/internal split, biologists recognise several distinct kinds of syngamy based on where the fusing gametes come from and how similar they are to each other.

+Evaluation16 questions
  1. Q1In which type of parthenogenesis are only males produced? a) Arrhenotoky b) Thelytoky c) Amphitoky d) Both a and bFree
  2. Q2Animals giving birth to young ones: a) Oviparous b) Oviviviparous c) Viviparous d) Both a and bFree
  3. Q3The mode of reproduction in bacteria is by a) Formation of gametes b) Endospore formation c) Conjugation d) Zoospore formationFree
  4. Q4In which mode of reproduction variations are seen a) Asexual b) Parthenogenesis c) Sexual d) Both a and bPreview
  5. Q5Assertion and reasoning questions: In each of the following questions there are two statements. One is assertion (A) and other is reasoning…Preview
  6. Q6Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reproduction.Preview
  7. Q7Name the phenomenon where the female gamete directly develops into a new organism with an avian example.Preview
  8. Q8What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animalsPreview
  9. Q9Which type of reproduction is effective -Asexual or sexual and why?Preview
  10. Q10The unicellular organisms which reproduce by binary fission are considered immortal. Justify.Preview
  11. Q11Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred as a clone?Preview
  12. Q12Why are the offsprings of oviparous animal at a greater risk as compared to offsprings of viviparous organisms?Preview
  13. Q13Give reasons for the following: (a) Some organisms like honey bees are called parthenogenetic animals (b) A male honey bee has 16 chromosome…Preview
  14. Q14Differentiate between the following: (a) Binary fission in amoeba and multiple fission in Plasmodium (b) Budding in yeast and budding in Hyd…Preview
  15. Q15How is juvenile phase different from reproductive phase?Preview
  16. Q16What is the difference between syngamy and fertilization?Preview
1.3.3

Conjugation

Conjugation is a temporary union between two individuals of the same species, during which the two participants - called conjugants - exchange a certain amount of their nuclear material (DNA) before s…

+Evaluation16 questions
  1. Q1In which type of parthenogenesis are only males produced? a) Arrhenotoky b) Thelytoky c) Amphitoky d) Both a and bFree
  2. Q2Animals giving birth to young ones: a) Oviparous b) Oviviviparous c) Viviparous d) Both a and bFree
  3. Q3The mode of reproduction in bacteria is by a) Formation of gametes b) Endospore formation c) Conjugation d) Zoospore formationFree
  4. Q4In which mode of reproduction variations are seen a) Asexual b) Parthenogenesis c) Sexual d) Both a and bPreview
  5. Q5Assertion and reasoning questions: In each of the following questions there are two statements. One is assertion (A) and other is reasoning…Preview
  6. Q6Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reproduction.Preview
  7. Q7Name the phenomenon where the female gamete directly develops into a new organism with an avian example.Preview
  8. Q8What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animalsPreview
  9. Q9Which type of reproduction is effective -Asexual or sexual and why?Preview
  10. Q10The unicellular organisms which reproduce by binary fission are considered immortal. Justify.Preview
  11. Q11Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred as a clone?Preview
  12. Q12Why are the offsprings of oviparous animal at a greater risk as compared to offsprings of viviparous organisms?Preview
  13. Q13Give reasons for the following: (a) Some organisms like honey bees are called parthenogenetic animals (b) A male honey bee has 16 chromosome…Preview
  14. Q14Differentiate between the following: (a) Binary fission in amoeba and multiple fission in Plasmodium (b) Budding in yeast and budding in Hyd…Preview
  15. Q15How is juvenile phase different from reproductive phase?Preview
  16. Q16What is the difference between syngamy and fertilization?Preview
1.3.4

Phases of the Life Cycle

Every organism's life passes through three distinct phases. The juvenile phase, also called the vegetative phase, is the span of pure growth between an individual's birth and the point at which it rea…

+Evaluation16 questions
  1. Q1In which type of parthenogenesis are only males produced? a) Arrhenotoky b) Thelytoky c) Amphitoky d) Both a and bFree
  2. Q2Animals giving birth to young ones: a) Oviparous b) Oviviviparous c) Viviparous d) Both a and bFree
  3. Q3The mode of reproduction in bacteria is by a) Formation of gametes b) Endospore formation c) Conjugation d) Zoospore formationFree
  4. Q4In which mode of reproduction variations are seen a) Asexual b) Parthenogenesis c) Sexual d) Both a and bPreview
  5. Q5Assertion and reasoning questions: In each of the following questions there are two statements. One is assertion (A) and other is reasoning…Preview
  6. Q6Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reproduction.Preview
  7. Q7Name the phenomenon where the female gamete directly develops into a new organism with an avian example.Preview
  8. Q8What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animalsPreview
  9. Q9Which type of reproduction is effective -Asexual or sexual and why?Preview
  10. Q10The unicellular organisms which reproduce by binary fission are considered immortal. Justify.Preview
  11. Q11Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred as a clone?Preview
  12. Q12Why are the offsprings of oviparous animal at a greater risk as compared to offsprings of viviparous organisms?Preview
  13. Q13Give reasons for the following: (a) Some organisms like honey bees are called parthenogenetic animals (b) A male honey bee has 16 chromosome…Preview
  14. Q14Differentiate between the following: (a) Binary fission in amoeba and multiple fission in Plasmodium (b) Budding in yeast and budding in Hyd…Preview
  15. Q15How is juvenile phase different from reproductive phase?Preview
  16. Q16What is the difference between syngamy and fertilization?Preview
1.3.5

Parthenogenesis

Parthenogenesis is the development of an unfertilized egg into a complete new individual, entirely without fertilization ever taking place; the phenomenon was first discovered by Charles Bonnet in 174…

+Evaluation16 questions
  1. Q1In which type of parthenogenesis are only males produced? a) Arrhenotoky b) Thelytoky c) Amphitoky d) Both a and bFree
  2. Q2Animals giving birth to young ones: a) Oviparous b) Oviviviparous c) Viviparous d) Both a and bFree
  3. Q3The mode of reproduction in bacteria is by a) Formation of gametes b) Endospore formation c) Conjugation d) Zoospore formationFree
  4. Q4In which mode of reproduction variations are seen a) Asexual b) Parthenogenesis c) Sexual d) Both a and bPreview
  5. Q5Assertion and reasoning questions: In each of the following questions there are two statements. One is assertion (A) and other is reasoning…Preview
  6. Q6Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reproduction.Preview
  7. Q7Name the phenomenon where the female gamete directly develops into a new organism with an avian example.Preview
  8. Q8What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animalsPreview
  9. Q9Which type of reproduction is effective -Asexual or sexual and why?Preview
  10. Q10The unicellular organisms which reproduce by binary fission are considered immortal. Justify.Preview
  11. Q11Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred as a clone?Preview
  12. Q12Why are the offsprings of oviparous animal at a greater risk as compared to offsprings of viviparous organisms?Preview
  13. Q13Give reasons for the following: (a) Some organisms like honey bees are called parthenogenetic animals (b) A male honey bee has 16 chromosome…Preview
  14. Q14Differentiate between the following: (a) Binary fission in amoeba and multiple fission in Plasmodium (b) Budding in yeast and budding in Hyd…Preview
  15. Q15How is juvenile phase different from reproductive phase?Preview
  16. Q16What is the difference between syngamy and fertilization?Preview
1.3.6

Oviparous, Viviparous and Ovoviviparous Animals

Based on where the embryo develops, and on whether an animal lays eggs (fertilized or unfertilized) or gives birth directly to young ones, animals fall into three broad groups: oviparous, viviparous a…

+Evaluation16 questions
  1. Q1In which type of parthenogenesis are only males produced? a) Arrhenotoky b) Thelytoky c) Amphitoky d) Both a and bFree
  2. Q2Animals giving birth to young ones: a) Oviparous b) Oviviviparous c) Viviparous d) Both a and bFree
  3. Q3The mode of reproduction in bacteria is by a) Formation of gametes b) Endospore formation c) Conjugation d) Zoospore formationFree
  4. Q4In which mode of reproduction variations are seen a) Asexual b) Parthenogenesis c) Sexual d) Both a and bPreview
  5. Q5Assertion and reasoning questions: In each of the following questions there are two statements. One is assertion (A) and other is reasoning…Preview
  6. Q6Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reproduction.Preview
  7. Q7Name the phenomenon where the female gamete directly develops into a new organism with an avian example.Preview
  8. Q8What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animalsPreview
  9. Q9Which type of reproduction is effective -Asexual or sexual and why?Preview
  10. Q10The unicellular organisms which reproduce by binary fission are considered immortal. Justify.Preview
  11. Q11Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred as a clone?Preview
  12. Q12Why are the offsprings of oviparous animal at a greater risk as compared to offsprings of viviparous organisms?Preview
  13. Q13Give reasons for the following: (a) Some organisms like honey bees are called parthenogenetic animals (b) A male honey bee has 16 chromosome…Preview
  14. Q14Differentiate between the following: (a) Binary fission in amoeba and multiple fission in Plasmodium (b) Budding in yeast and budding in Hyd…Preview
  15. Q15How is juvenile phase different from reproductive phase?Preview
  16. Q16What is the difference between syngamy and fertilization?Preview

EVALUATION

The chapter ends with a single continuous 16-item Evaluation exercise covering the whole chapter, from the basic modes of reproduction through parthenogenesis and the oviparous/viviparous/ovoviviparou…

+Evaluation16 questions
  1. Q1In which type of parthenogenesis are only males produced? a) Arrhenotoky b) Thelytoky c) Amphitoky d) Both a and bFree
  2. Q2Animals giving birth to young ones: a) Oviparous b) Oviviviparous c) Viviparous d) Both a and bFree
  3. Q3The mode of reproduction in bacteria is by a) Formation of gametes b) Endospore formation c) Conjugation d) Zoospore formationFree
  4. Q4In which mode of reproduction variations are seen a) Asexual b) Parthenogenesis c) Sexual d) Both a and bPreview
  5. Q5Assertion and reasoning questions: In each of the following questions there are two statements. One is assertion (A) and other is reasoning…Preview
  6. Q6Name an organism where cell division is itself a mode of reproduction.Preview
  7. Q7Name the phenomenon where the female gamete directly develops into a new organism with an avian example.Preview
  8. Q8What is parthenogenesis? Give two examples from animalsPreview
  9. Q9Which type of reproduction is effective -Asexual or sexual and why?Preview
  10. Q10The unicellular organisms which reproduce by binary fission are considered immortal. Justify.Preview
  11. Q11Why is the offspring formed by asexual reproduction referred as a clone?Preview
  12. Q12Why are the offsprings of oviparous animal at a greater risk as compared to offsprings of viviparous organisms?Preview
  13. Q13Give reasons for the following: (a) Some organisms like honey bees are called parthenogenetic animals (b) A male honey bee has 16 chromosome…Preview
  14. Q14Differentiate between the following: (a) Binary fission in amoeba and multiple fission in Plasmodium (b) Budding in yeast and budding in Hyd…Preview
  15. Q15How is juvenile phase different from reproductive phase?Preview
  16. Q16What is the difference between syngamy and fertilization?Preview

Sample & Board Papers

Sample papers and previous-year board questions for this subject.

+Show 18 questions18 questions
  1. Q1Paedogenetic Parthenogenesis occurs in : (a) Aphis (b) Honey bees (c) Solenobia (d) Gall flyPreview
  2. Q2What is regeneration ? Explain its types.Preview
  3. Q3In which mode of Reproduction variation are seen ? (a) Asexual (b) Parthenogenesis (c) Sexual (d) Both (a) and (b)Preview
  4. Q4What is senescent phase of life ?Preview
  5. Q5The mode of sexual reproduction in bacteria is by : (a) Conjugation (b) Formation of gametes (c) Zoospore formation (d) Endospore formationPreview
  6. Q6What is Plasmotomy ?Preview
  7. Q7How does juvenile phase differ from reproductive phase ?Preview
  8. Q8In which mode of reproduction variations are seen ? (a) Sexual (b) Asexual (c) Parthenogenesis (d) Both (a) and (b)Preview
  9. Q9Differentiate between external and internal fertilizations.Preview
  10. Q10What is Pedogenesis ?Preview
  11. Q11What is parthenogenesis ? What are its types ?Preview
  12. Q12(a) Explain the different kinds of syngamy in living organisms. **OR** (b) Write the differences between active and passive immunity.Preview
  13. Q13The mode of sexual reproduction in bacteria is by : (a) Conjugation (b) Formation of gametes (c) Zoospore formation (d) Endospore formationPreview
  14. Q14Differentiate Fission and Fragmentation with suitable examples.Preview
  15. Q15In which type of Parthenogenesis are only males produced ? (a) Arrhenotoky (b) Thelytoky (c) Amphitoky (d) Both (a) and (c)Preview
  16. Q16Assertion (A) : In nature many organisms produce clones through asexual reproduction. Reason (R) : By this process, genetically identical in…Preview
  17. Q17Draw Gemmule in sponges and label the parts. [figure: labelled diagram of a gemmule in sponges, to be drawn by the candidate — not printed i…Preview
  18. Q18What is called differentiation?Preview