Q.Give reasons for the following:

In arrhenotoky, unfertilised haploid eggs develop only into males -- the classic example being drone honeybees.

Parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction in which an egg develops into a new individual without fertilisation by a sperm. Depending on the sex of the offspring produced, three types are recognised. In Arrhenotoky, unfertilised eggs are haploid and develop exclusively into males -- the textbook example is the honeybee, where unfertilised eggs laid by the queen develop into haploid male drones, while fertilised (diploid) eggs develop into female workers/queens. In Thelytoky, unfertilised eggs develop into females only (seen in some aphids, rotifers and a few reptiles). In Amphitoky (also called deute …

Paedogenesis (larval reproduction) combined with parthenogenesis (development without fertilisation) is the hallmark reproductive strategy of certain gall flies.

Paedogenetic parthenogenesis is an unusual reproductive strategy in which the larval (immature) stage itself reproduces asexually, producing new larvae internally without ever developing into a sexually mature adult first -- this is documented in certain gall midges/gall flies (Cecidomyiidae), allowing extremely rapid population increase under favourable conditions before a generation eventually matures into winged adults. Aphids do reproduce parthenogenetically as adults (cyclical parthenogenesis) but not typically at the larval stage; honeybees show haplodiploid sex determination (unfertilised eggs becoming haploid males) rather than paedogenesis; and while some Solenobia (psychid moth) populations …

Turkeys are among the animals capable of parthenogenesis, a natural form of asexual reproduction where an unfertilised egg develops into an offspring without ever being fertilised by a sperm.

Normally, offspring result from the fusion of a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg) during sexual reproduction. However, in certain animals, including turkeys, some bees, and a few reptiles, unfertilised eggs are occasionally able to undergo development on their own and give rise to offspring — a phenomenon called parthenogenesis. In turkeys this occurs naturally at a low frequency; because the offspring inherit only the mother's set of chromosomes, this is why, even though the five female turkeys were isolated from any male, a few of them still produced offspring — the eggs developed parthenogenetically, without fertilisation.

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