Zoology · Ch 1 — Reproduction in Organisms
Budding in Animals
Budding in Animals
In budding, the parent body produces one or more small outgrowths, or buds, each of which grows into a young individual and typically separates from the parent to lead an independent life; in simple tube-shaped sponges such as Leucosolenia, buds constrict at their base and detach from the parent body, each going on to develop into a complete new sponge.
When buds form on the outer surface of the parent's body, the process is called exogenous budding, best illustrated by Hydra. When food is plentiful, a cluster of ectoderm cells on Hydra's body wall proliferates into a small elevation, and as this elevation grows, both ectoderm and endoderm are pushed outward to form the bud, whose interior lumen stays continuous with the parent's own gastro-vascular cavity; the bud steadily enlarges, develops a mouth and a ring of tentacles at its free end, and once fully grown, constricts at its base, detaches from the parent, and begins an independent existence. …
What this figure shows. A diagram of the simple tube-shaped sponge Leucosolenia showing the parent individual with its terminal osculum, alongside a series of stages in exogenous budding on its outer body wall - a bud first forming as a small outgrowth, the bud growing larger while remaining attached, and a fully grown daughter individual finally constricting at its base and detaching from the parent to begin an independent, f …
What this figure shows. A four-stage diagram of exogenous budding in Hydra: the intact parent Hydra with its tentacle-ringed mouth at one end and basal disc at the other; the initial growth of a small bud as ectoderm and endoderm are pushed outward on the body wall, its interior lumen continuous with the parent's gastro-vascular cavity; the bud enlarging further and developing its own mouth and a circle of tentacles at its free end; and the final stage where the fully grown bud constricts at its base, detaches co …
What this figure shows. A cutaway diagram of a mature gemmule, the internal asexual bud characteristic of freshwater and some marine sponges, showing the hard outer membrane and inner membrane sandwiching a protective layer embedded with pointed monaxon spicules for defence, a narrow micropyle opening through which the contents will later emerge, and the internal mass of food-laden archaeocytes that survive the parent sponge's disintegration during unfavourable conditions and ge …