Q.Differentiate between the following:

Step 1. Address (a). In binary fission, as seen in amoeba, the parent organism's nucleus divides once (amitotically or mitotically) and the cytoplasm then divides once, producing exactly two genetically identical daughter cells. In multiple fission, as seen in Plasmodium, the nucleus instead divides repeatedly first, without any accompanying cytoplasmic division, and only afterwards does the cytoplasm split into as many parts as there are daughter nuclei - so a single parent produces many daughter individuals (merozoites during schizogony in the schizont stage, or sporozoites during sporogony in the oocyte stage) simultaneously, rather than just two.

Step 2. Address (b). Yeast is a unicellular fungus: its budding is a single-celled process, where a small outgrowth forms directly on the one-celled parent and pinches off (an unequal division, giving a smaller daughter cell) to become an independent yeast cell. Hydra's budding, by contrast, is a multicellular process: a bud forms as ectoderm and endoderm are pushed outward on the body wall of a whole multicellular animal, its cavity stays continuous with the parent's gastro-vascular cavity as it grows, and it develops its own mouth and ring of tentacles before finally constricting at its base and detaching - a far more structurally complex process than a single fungal cell pinching off a bud. …

For each pair, compare the number of daughter individuals produced (or the extent of the body regrown) and the underlying cellular process (unice …

• Describing multiple fission as 'the same as binary fission but faster' instead of noting the fundamentally different order of nuclear-then-cytoplasmic division. …