(i) What is called the menstrual cycle? (ii) Describe the following phases of the menstrual cycle: (a) Menstrual phase, (b) Luteal phase, (c) Proliferative phase. (iii) What is LH surge?

**OR**

What is called gametogenesis? Briefly describe the process of spermatogenesis.

Question

(i) What is called the menstrual cycle? (ii) Describe the following phases of the menstrual cycle: (a) Menstrual phase, (b) Luteal phase, (c) Proliferative phase. (iii) What is LH surge?

**OR**

What is called gametogenesis? Briefly describe the process of spermatogenesis.

Accepted Answer

>

> [!TLDR]
> The menstrual cycle is a repeating hormonal cycle preparing the uterus for possible pregnancy each month, with ovulation triggered mid-cycle by an LH surge. (OR: spermatogenesis is the meiotic and maturation process producing mature sperm from spermatogonial cells.)
>
> **(i) Menstrual cycle:** the cyclic (repeated, roughly every 28 days) series of changes in the ovaries and the uterus, occurring under hormonal control, in the reproductive (female) system of human females (and other primates) from puberty until menopause; it prepares the uterus each month for a possible pregnancy, and results in menstrual bleeding if fertilisation does not occur.
>
> **(ii) Phases of the menstrual cycle:**
> - **(a) Menstrual phase (day 1-5):** the endometrium (uterine lining) breaks down, and its tissue along with blood is shed through the vagina as menstrual flow, because the ovum released in the previous cycle was not fertilised, causing a fall in progesterone levels. …

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