Q.Why was the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act introduced in India? State any two circumstances under which medical termination of pregnancy may be permitted.

[!TLDR]

MTP was introduced to make abortion safe/legal under specified conditions instead of unsafe and illegal; e.g. risk to the mother's health, or serious foetal abnormality. …

The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act was introduced because, before it existed, women seeking to end a pregnancy in India often had no lawful, hygienic option and turned instead to untrained persons or unsafe methods -- a major, largely preventable cause of maternal death, infection and lasting injury. By setting out clear medical grounds on which a registered practitioner may lawfully terminate a pregnancy, the Act converted what had often been a dangerous, clandestine procedure into a safe, medically supervised one. Among the circumstances under which MTP may be permitted are: a serious risk to the physical or mental health of the pregnant woman if the pregnancy continues; a substantial risk that the child, if born, would suffer from a serious physical or mental abnormality; and pregnancy r …

State the REASON first (unsafe-abortion problem), then name two of the Act's spec …

Stating that MTP is permitted 'for any reason the woman chooses' -- the Act specifies particular med …