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Biology · Class 12 Science

Ch 3Reproductive Health — Class 12 Biology, concept-first.

Reproductive health is one of those terms that is easy to say and easy to underestimate. The World Health Organization's definition, which the WBCHSE syllabus follows, describes it as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in all matters relating to the reproductive system — not simply the absence o…

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Key concepts

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STD Prevention Methods

Think of your body like a house. You lock the doors and windows to keep out unwanted visitors. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are infections that can enter the body through sexual contact — and prevention is about…

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Chapter contents

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3.1

Introduction: Why Reproductive Health Matters

Reproductive health is one of those terms that is easy to say and easy to underestimate. The World Health Organization's definition, which the WBCHSE syllabus follows, describes it as a state of compl…

3.2

Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) Programmes and Reproductive Health Education

A country cannot improve its reproductive health merely by building more hospitals; awareness has to reach people well before they need medical care, and it has to be accurate.

3.3

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) — Awareness and Prevention

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) — sometimes also called sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and referred to in older literature as venereal diseases — are infections whose main, though not al…

3.4

Birth Control — Need and Methods of Contraception

Birth control, or contraception, means the deliberate, planned prevention of pregnancy, achieved by a medical or behavioural method rather than left to chance.

3.5

Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)

Medical termination of pregnancy (MTP), more commonly called induced abortion, is the deliberate ending of a pregnancy before it would otherwise reach full term, carried out intentionally by a qualifi…

3.6

Amniocentesis — Diagnostic Use and its Legal Prohibition for Sex Determination

Amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnostic procedure in which a small quantity of the amniotic fluid surrounding the developing foetus is carefully withdrawn through a fine needle, under medical and often…

3.7

Infertility — Causes and an Overview

Infertility is generally understood as the inability of a couple to achieve a pregnancy despite regular, unprotected sexual intercourse continued over a reasonably extended period, commonly taken as r…

3.8

Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART): IVF, ZIFT and GIFT

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are a set of medical procedures developed specifically to help couples who are unable to conceive naturally, and who have not achieved a pregnancy through simp…

Summary

This chapter has traced reproductive health across five closely connected areas named in the WBCHSE syllabus.

Very Short Answer Questions

+Show 8 questions8 questions
  1. Q9Expand the abbreviation STD.Free
  2. Q10Name one bacterial and one viral sexually transmitted disease (STD).Free
  3. Q11What does the abbreviation IUD stand for?Free
  4. Q12Name the surgical method of contraception performed on a woman to achieve permanent birth control.Preview
  5. Q13Expand the abbreviation MTP.Preview
  6. Q14State, in one line, what amniocentesis is primarily used to detect in a developing foetus.Preview
  7. Q15Define infertility.Preview
  8. Q16Expand the abbreviations IVF, ZIFT and GIFT.Preview

Short Answer Questions

+Show 9 questions9 questions
  1. Q17State the need for birth control measures in India with reference to population stabilisation.Free
  2. Q18State any four reasons why reproductive health awareness and education are considered essential for a country like India.Free
  3. Q19How can the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) be prevented? State any four preventive measures.Free
  4. Q20Differentiate between natural (traditional) and barrier methods of contraception, giving one example of each.Preview
  5. Q21What is an oral contraceptive pill and how does it prevent pregnancy?Preview
  6. Q22Distinguish between vasectomy and tubectomy as surgical methods of contraception.Preview
  7. Q23Why was the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act introduced in India? State any two circumstances under which medical termination of p…Preview
  8. Q24Why has the use of amniocentesis for sex determination of the foetus been legally banned in India? Name the Act that prohibits this.Preview
  9. Q25State any four possible causes of infertility in couples.Preview

Long Answer Questions

+Show 6 questions6 questions
  1. Q26Discuss the need for reproductive health in India, and describe in brief the strategies adopted under the Reproductive and Child Health Care…Free
  2. Q27Describe any four commonly used methods of birth control, classifying them under natural, barrier and surgical methods, and briefly explain…Free
  3. Q28What are sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)? Name any four common STDs and describe the general measures that help prevent their spread.Preview
  4. Q29Explain the purpose and legal significance of the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, and discuss amniocentesis along with the reaso…Preview
  5. Q30What is infertility? Discuss its possible causes, and describe in brief how assisted reproductive technologies help infertile couples to hav…Preview
  6. Q31Give an elementary account of the assisted reproductive technologies IVF, ZIFT and GIFT, explaining briefly the procedure involved in each.Preview

Sample & Board Papers

Sample papers and previous-year board questions for this subject.

+Show 10 questions10 questions
  1. Q1What is IUD? By which surgical methods permanent contraception is done in male and female human body? **OR** Mention the secondary sex chara…Preview
  2. Q2Amniocentesis is a technique (a) in which sex of the foetus can be changed (b) by which any chromosomal anomaly in the foetus can be detecte…Preview
  3. Q3Function of Copper-T is (a) to resist ovulation (b) to resist maturation of ovum (c) to prevent implantation of fertilized ovum (d) by suppr…Preview
  4. Q4Which of the following diseases can be identified by Amniocentesis? (a) Malaria (b) Tuberculosis (c) Down Syndrome (d) ScurvyPreview
  5. Q5Which one of the following diseases can be transmitted through sexual contact? (a) COVID 19 (b) Typhoid (c) Hepatitis B (d) CholeraPreview
  6. Q6What is ZIFT? **OR** Give the morphological name of the modified stem portion used in Potato plant.Preview
  7. Q7Which of the following is a terminal method of birth control? (a) Withdrawal method (b) Implantation (c) Lactational Amenorrhoea (d) Tubecto…Preview
  8. Q8A couple was interested to know the gender of their embryo. The doctor, refused to do so as it is illegal. But, if the doctor intended to di…Preview
  9. Q9________ is not a veneral disease. (a) Hepatitis-B (b) Malaria (c) Trichomoniasis (d) SyphilisPreview
  10. Q10In the following question, a statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct…Preview

More questions

+Show 8 questions8 questions
  1. Q1The Reproductive and Child Health Care (RCH) programme, run by the Government of India to improve reproductive health, chiefly aims at: (a)…Free
  2. Q2Which of the following is an example of a barrier method of contraception? (a) Copper-T (b) Condom (c) Combined oral contraceptive pill (d)…Free
  3. Q3The Copper-T (CuT), a widely used intra-uterine device (IUD), mainly prevents pregnancy by: (a) Suppressing ovulation through hormones (b) M…Free
  4. Q4Vasectomy, a surgical (terminal) method of contraception performed on the male, involves: (a) Removal of both testes (b) Cutting and ligatin…Preview
  5. Q5The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act, passed by the Government of India, was primarily introduced to: (a) Make abortion compulsory…Preview
  6. Q6Amniocentesis, a foetal-fluid based technique, was originally developed as a diagnostic test to detect: (a) Chromosomal and certain metaboli…Preview
  7. Q7Using amniocentesis to determine the sex of the foetus, with the intention of selectively aborting a female foetus, is: (a) Legally permitte…Preview
  8. Q8In the assisted reproductive technology procedure called ZIFT (Zygote Intra-Fallopian Transfer), a zygote formed outside the body is transfe…Preview