Q.Identify which ministry released 3 given news items (Tamil Nadu textbooks; railway loop line; farmer suicide committee) — central or State ministry? Why?

The Indian Constitution sets up two separate sets of government — a Union (central) government responsible for matters affecting the whole country, and a State government for each individual State — and gives each a clearly defined area of responsibility. When a genuine dispute arises about which government has authority over a particular matter, the judiciary settles it based on what the Constitution actually says.

To make this division precise, the Constitution lays out three lists of subjects. The Union List names subjects only Parliament can legislate on — for example Defence, Atomic Energy, Foreign Affairs, War and Peace, Banking, Railways, Post and Telegraph, Airways, Ports, Foreign Trade, and Currency and Coinage — matters that need one uniform, national approach. The State List names subjects that, normally, only a State's own legislature can legislate on — for example Agriculture, Police, Prisons, Local Government, Public Health, Land, Liquor, Trade and Commerce, Livestock and Animal Husbandry, and State Public Services — matters best handled at the regional level, closer to the people. The Concurrent List names subjects both the Union and State legislatures are allowed to make laws on — for example Education, Transfer of Property (other than agricultural land), Forests, Trade Unions, Adulteration, and Adoption and Succession. …