Ch 3Emerging Trends — Class 11 Computer Science, concept-first.

Technology never stands still. Every day brings announcements of new tools, platforms and initiatives — and to make sense of the technologies we already use, it helps to watch where the field is headi…

Artificial Intelligence is already woven into daily life, often without us noticing. Think of two familiar situations:

Machine Learning is the branch of Artificial Intelligence in which computers gain the ability to learn from data — using statistical techniques — without being explicitly programmed by a human being f…

You have almost certainly used Natural Language Processing today. When a search engine's predictive typing suggests the next word of your sentence as you type keywords, or when a spell checker flags a…

Three-dimensional (3D) videography has taken the joy of watching movies in theatres to a new level, and video games are increasingly built to pull the player right inside the action.

A robot is essentially a machine that can carry out one or more tasks automatically, with accuracy and precision.

Technology has entered almost every sphere of our lives — and as a result, data is being produced at a colossal rate.

What makes a data set "big data" rather than just a large database? Big data exhibits five characteristics — often remembered as the five V's — that distinguish it from traditional data (Figure 3.9).

Collecting big data is only half the story — the payoff comes from analysing it. Data analytics is the process of examining data sets in order to draw conclusions about the information they contain, w…

The "computer network" we usually talk about is a network of computers: laptops, desktops, servers, and portable devices such as tablets, smartphones and smart watches, connected by wire or wirelessly…

The Internet of Things lets us interact with many different devices over the Internet using our smartphones or computers — in effect creating a personal network of our own things.

Hold your mobile phone vertically, then turn it sideways — the display flips from portrait to landscape by itself. How does the phone know? Two sensors work together to make it happen:

Rapid urbanisation is loading our cities beyond what traditional management can handle. City administrations face mounting challenges in managing:

Cloud computing is an emerging trend in information technology in which computer-based services are delivered over the Internet — "the cloud" — and are accessible to the user from anywhere, using any…

The clearest way to understand the cloud is to see everything as a service: a "service" is simply any facility provided by the cloud.

A grid is a computer network of geographically dispersed and heterogeneous computational resources (Figure 3.13) — machines of different kinds, in different places, pooled together.

Traditionally, digital transactions are performed against a centralised database: transactions are updated on it one by one. This is how ticket-booking websites and banks operate today.

- Emerging trends are state-of-the-art technologies that gain popularity and set new directions; many new technologies fade, while some prosper and reshape the digital economy and digital societies.