Q.(10.1) On the given political outline map of India (on page 11), locate and label any one of the following with appropriate symbol :

Part (a)

To see why the Salt Satyagraha was so effective, look at Gandhi's choice of issue. He needed a grievance that every Indian — rich or poor, Hindu or Muslim, literate or not — could immediately grasp and act upon. Salt was ideal: everyone needed it daily, yet the British held a monopoly on its production and taxed it, making it a daily, tangible symbol of an unjust rule.

The build-up — the Dandi March. On 12 March 1930 Gandhi set out from his Sabarmati Ashram with 78 followers and walked about 240 miles over 24 days to the coastal village of Dandi. The march itself became a moving campaign: villagers joined along the way, and Indian and foreign newspapers covered it closely.

The act of defiance. On the morning of 6 April 1930 Gandhi picked up a lump of natural salt at Dandi, breaking the salt law. This was the signal. Across India people boiled seawater, collected salt from dried beds and sold it openly.

Worldwide attention. Foreign correspondents were present; the American journalist Webb Miller's graphic account of peaceful satyagrahis being beaten at the Dharasana Salt Works was carried in hundreds of newspapers, shocking world opinion and embarrassing the British.

The nationwide Civil Disobedience Movement. The salt act sparked a much wider campaign:

• breaking the salt law all along the coast;
• boycott of foreign cloth and picketing of liquor shops;
• refusal to pay the chowkidari (village-watchman) tax, especially in Gujarat;
• resignation of village headmen and officials;
• large-scale participation by women such as Sarojini Naidu and Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay;
• the Khudai Khidmatgars under Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan in the North-West Frontier Province. …