Q.Study the given picture and answer the questions that follow : [Picture: a memorial/monument with walls bearing painted graffiti and lettering in Bengali script; the Bengali text on the walls is not legibly transcribable from the image.]

The picture depicts a memorial, likely the Shaheed Minar, which commemorates the Bengali Language Movement. This movement was a pivotal struggle in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) for the recognition of Bengali as an official language, leading to significant events that shaped the region's history.

• (i) The given picture belongs to Bangladesh. The Bengali Language Movement took place in East Pakistan, which achieved independence as Bangladesh in 1971.
• (ii) The memorial shown in the picture is located at Dhaka University. The Shaheed Minar, commemorating the martyrs of the Language Movement, stands near the university campus in Dhaka.
• (iii) The primary incident related to the memorial, where students were killed protesting for language rights, occurred in 1952. Among the given options, 1950 represents a period of intense agitation and the early phase of the Language Movement, making it the closest option to the time of the incident's genesis. …

The questions refer to a memorial with Bengali script, which immediately brings to mind the Shaheed Minar (Martyr's Monument) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. This iconic structure commemorates a pivotal moment in South Asian history: the Bengali Language Movement.

1. The given picture belongs to which one of the following countries ? The presence of Bengali script and the context of a significant memorial strongly indicate Bangladesh. The Bengali Language Movement, which this memorial commemorates, was a struggle for the recognition of Bengali as an official language in East Pakistan, which later became independent Bangladesh.
2. The memorial shown in the picture is located at which one of the following places ? The Shaheed Minar, the primary memorial for the Bengali Language Movement, is located near Dhaka University in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The events of the Language Movement, particularly the police firing on student protestors, occurred in and around the university campus.
3. When did the incident related to the picture happen ? The foundational incident commemorated by the Shaheed Minar is the police firing on student protestors on February 21, 1952, during the Bengali Language Movement. These students were demanding that Bengali be recognized as an official language alongside Urdu in then-East Pakistan. However, 1952 is not among the given options.
   Note

   While the memorial itself commemorates the 1952 Language Movement, such sites often become focal points for subsequent protests and movements. The question might be referring to a later incident of protest at the memorial, especially given the options for the military ruler in the next question.

   If we consider the options provided and the context of military rule in Bangladesh, the memorial also served as a significant site for protests against authoritarian regimes. Lt. General H.M. Ershad's military rule began in 1982 and continued through the 1980s, a period marked by widespread pro-democracy and anti-autocracy movements. These movements often invoked the spirit of the Language Movement and used the Shaheed Minar as a rallying point. Therefore, if the question refers to an incident during a period of military rule, 1982 or 1987 could be relevant years for significant protests at the memorial.
4. Which military ruler was the cause for this memorial ? The Shaheed Minar was originally built to commemorate the martyrs of the 1952 Language Movement, a struggle against the Pakistani government's language policy, not against a specific military ruler listed in the options. However, if the question refers to the cause of later protests at the memorial, particularly those involving graffiti as described, then a military ruler from the options becomes relevant.
   Important

   Lt. General H.M. Ershad ruled Bangladesh as a military dictator from 1982 to 1990. His regime faced widespread opposition and pro-democracy movements, during which the Shaheed Minar often became a symbol and site of protest. The graffiti mentioned in the picture description could well be from such a period of resistance against his rule.

   Considering the options for both (iii) and (iv) together, it is most likely that the question intends to refer to the period of military rule under Lt. General H.M. Ershad in Bangladesh, during which the Shaheed Minar was a site of significant anti-autocracy protests.

• (i) The given picture belongs to which one of the following countries ? (c) Bangladesh
• (ii) The memorial shown in the picture is located at which one of the following places ? (d) Dhaka University
• (iii) When did the incident related to the picture happen ? The primary incident commemorated by the Shaheed Minar is the 1952 Language Movement. However, if the question refers to later protests against military rule, particularly those involving graffiti, then (a) 1982 marks the beginning of Lt. General H.M. Ershad's military rule, which sparked widespread resistance and protests at sites like the Shaheed Minar.
• (iv) Which military ruler was the cause for this memorial ? …