"India's impressive technological growth in recent years has made the country an attractive partner of US." Su

Question

Q. "India's impressive technological growth in recent years has made the country an attractive partner of US." Support the statement giving any four examples.

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Concept understanding — Globalization State Role

Globalization and the Role of the State

Let’s start with a simple picture. Imagine a small shop in your town that sells only local goods. Then one day, it starts selling Korean skincare, Japanese electronics, and Italian pasta. That’s globalization — the growing interconnection of economies, cultures, and people across borders.

Now, who decides what that shop can import? Who sets the tax on those Korean creams? Who ensures the Japanese phone is safe to use? That’s the state — the government and its institutions.

The question is: Does globalization shrink the state’s power, or does it change what the state does?

The Intuition

Think of the state as a goalkeeper. In a local match, the goalkeeper controls the entire penalty box. But in a global match — with players from all over the world, new rules, and a bigger field — the goalkeeper can’t just stand still. They have to move, adapt, and sometimes even change their position.

Globalization doesn’t make the goalkeeper disappear. It forces them to play a different game.

The Precise Statement

Important

The role of the state in globalization is not to disappear, but to transform. The state remains the primary actor that enables, regulates, and responds to global flows of goods, capital, people, and information.

This means three things:

The state enables globalization — by signing trade agreements, opening borders, and creating laws that allow foreign investment.
The state regulates globalization — by setting tariffs, safety standards, labour laws, and environmental rules that shape how global forces operate within its territory.
The state responds to globalization — by providing social safety nets, managing currency fluctuations, and protecting domestic industries when global competition hurts local jobs.

What Changes Under Globalization

Aspect	Before Globalization	After Globalization
Trade policy	High tariffs, protected domestic industries	Lower tariffs, free trade agreements
Capital control	Strict limits on foreign investment	Open doors for foreign capital, but with regulations
Labour	Mostly domestic workforce	Migration, outsourcing, global supply chains
Sovereignty	Near-absolute control over borders	Shared sovereignty in trade blocs (e.g., EU, WTO)
State functions	Direct producer of goods	Regulator, facilitator, and safety-net provider

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India’s rapid technological rise has made it a key partner for the US, especially in space, IT, defence, and digital infrastructure.

India’s technological transformation over the last two decades has been nothing short of remarkable. From being a back-office service provider, the country has emerged as a serious player in cutting-edge fields like space exploration, software development, defence manufacturing, and digital public goods. This shift has naturally caught the attention of the United States, which now sees India not just as a market, but as a reliable partner in innovation and strategic technology.

Let’s look at four concrete examples that support this statement.

1. Space collaboration: ISRO and NASA

India’s space agency, ISRO, has earned global respect for its low-cost, high-impact missions. The success of the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) and the Chandrayaan missions demonstrated India’s capability in planetary exploration. The US, through NASA, has partnered with ISRO on several projects, most notably the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) satellite, which will map the Earth’s surface and monitor climate change. This joint mission is a clear sign that the US trusts India’s technological competence enough to co-develop a major scientific instrument.

Note

NISAR is scheduled to launch in 2024 and will be the first Earth-observation satellite jointly developed by NASA and ISRO.

2. IT and software services

India’s IT sector is a global powerhouse. Companies like Infosys, TCS, and Wipro provide critical software services to American corporations, banks, hospitals, and government agencies. The US relies on Indian tech talent to maintain its digital infrastructure. Moreover, Indian engineers and entrepreneurs have become integral to Silicon Valley — many top US tech firms are led by Indian-origin CEOs. This deep integration of Indian tech talent into the American economy makes India an indispensable partner, not just a service provider.

3. Defence technology and co-production

For decades, India was a major buyer of US defence equipment. But the relationship has matured. Today, the US and India are co-developing and co-producing advanced defence technologies. A key example is the joint production of GE F-414 jet engines in India for the Tejas fighter aircraft. This is a significant step — the US rarely shares its most advanced engine technology with non-allies. It shows that Washington now views India as a trusted partner in high-end defence manufacturing. …

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Q."India's impressive technological growth in recent years has made the country an attractive partner of US." Support the statement giving any four examples.

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