Q.What is the purpose of 'Riklli and Jones' fitness test? Explain the procedure of its any two test items in detail. (1+4) (Attempt any 3 of Q34-37)

The partial curl-up is a standardised test of abdominal (core) muscular strength and endurance. The student lies on the back with the knees bent and the feet flat on the mat, arms at the sides with the fingertips resting on the first of two marked lines. On each repetition the trunk curls forward, lifting the shoulder blades off the mat, until the fingertips slide forward and reach the second line; the student then returns to the start. The curls are done to a slow, steady cadence and the score is the number of correct repetitions. …

The Khelo India Fitness Test framework includes specialized assessments for senior citizens, recognizing that functional fitness in older adults differs fundamentally from youth fitness. Where younger populations focus on speed and power, senior fitness testing emphasizes the components that preserve independence and quality of life: flexibility, strength for daily tasks, balance, and endurance. The test battery for seniors is designed around real-world movements—sitting, standing, reaching—that mirror the physical demands of everyday living.

The figure shows the Chair Sit and Reach Test, a standard assessment in senior fitness protocols. The person sits on the edge of a chair with one leg extended straight, heel on the ground, and bends forward from the hip to reach toward or past the toes. This movement directly tests the flexibility of the hamstrings and lower back, both critical for activities like bending to tie shoes, picking up objects from the floor, or getting in and out of a car. Tight hamstrings and a stiff lower back are common age-related changes that significantly limit mobility and increase fall risk.

Why lower body flexibility matters so much in senior fitness becomes clear when you consider the mechanics of walking, climbing stairs, or simply maintaining balance. Flexible hamstrings allow a full stride length; flexible hip flexors prevent the shuffling gait that marks frailty. The Chair Sit and Reach Test captures this functional range of motion in a safe, measurable way.

The other components mentioned in the options are tested differently in the senior battery:

• Physical mobility is typically assessed through timed walking tests or the Timed Up and Go test, which measures the time to stand from a chair, walk a short distance, turn, and return to sitting.
• Upper body flexibility is measured by the Back Scratch Test, where the person reaches one hand over the shoulder and the other up the middle of the back, attempting to touch or overlap the fingers. …