Q.Select the option that shows correct statements :

Showing the 12 most recent of 16 on this concept.

1. CBSE 2026Set 57/1/11 markMCQ
   Q.Select the option that shows correct statements :

   (i) Corpus luteum secretes progesterone.

   (ii) Only FSH attains a peak level in middle of cycle.

   (iii) LH surge induces rupture of graafian follicle.

   (iv) Luteal phase of menstrual cycle is also called proliferative phase. Options : (A) Only

   (ii) is correct. (B)

   (i) and

   (iii) are correct. (C) Only

   (iv) is correct. (D)

   (ii) and

   (iv) are correct.

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   The corpus luteum does secrete progesterone, and the LH surge does trigger ovulation by rupturing the Graafian follicle — making statements (i) and (iii) correct.

   The menstrual cycle is a precisely orchestrated hormonal dance, and understanding which hormones do what, and when, is essential to grasping reproductive physiology. Let's examine each statement in turn.

   Statement (i): Corpus luteum secretes progesterone.

   This is absolutely correct. After ovulation, the ruptured Graafian follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, a temporary endocrine structure in the ovary. The corpus luteum's primary job is to secrete large amounts of progesterone, along with some estrogen. Progesterone prepares the endometrium for implantation by making it thick, vascular, and secretory. If fertilization doesn't occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, progesterone levels drop, and menstruation begins. This is a fundamental fact of the luteal phase.

   Statement (ii): Only FSH attains a peak level in middle of cycle.

   This is incorrect. While FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) does rise during the follicular phase to stimulate follicle development, it is not the only hormone that peaks mid-cycle. In fact, the defining hormonal event of mid-cycle is the LH surge — a dramatic spike in luteinizing hormone that occurs around day 14 of a typical 28-day cycle. Both LH and FSH show elevated levels at this time, but the LH surge is far more pronounced and is the direct trigger for ovulation. So the statement that "only FSH" peaks is factually wrong.

   Statement (iii): LH surge induces rupture of Graafian follicle.

   This is correct. The LH surge is the hormonal signal that causes the mature Graafian follicle to rupture and release the secondary oocyte — the process we call ovulation. Without this surge, ovulation simply does not happen. The LH surge typically occurs about 24–36 hours before ovulation, making it the critical event that marks the transition from the follicular to the luteal phase.

   Note

   The LH surge is so reliable that ovulation predictor kits work by detecting elevated LH levels in urine, giving couples a window for conception.

   Statement (iv): Luteal phase of menstrual cycle is also called proliferative phase.

   This is incorrect. The menstrual cycle is divided into phases, and the terminology is specific. The proliferative phase refers to the period after menstruation and before ovulation, when the endometrium is regenerating and thickening under the influence of estrogen — this corresponds to the follicular phase in the ovary. The luteal phase, on the other hand, occurs after ovulation, when the corpus luteum secretes progesterone and the endometrium becomes secretory, not proliferative. Calling the luteal phase "proliferative" confuses two distinct phases with different hormonal drivers and endometrial changes.

   Important

   Proliferative phase = follicular phase (pre-ovulation, estrogen-driven). Luteal phase = secretory phase (post-ovulation, progesterone-driven). These are not interchangeable terms.

   So statements (i) and (iii) are correct, while (ii) and (iv) are not.

   ✓Final answer

   In short, the corpus luteum does secrete progesterone, and the LH surge does trigger the rupture of the Graafian follicle. The correct answer is (B) (i) and (iii) are correct.

2. CBSE 2026Set 57/1/11 markMCQ
   Q.Which connective tissue connects ovary to pelvic wall and uterus ? (A) Tendons (B) Ligaments (C) Cartilage (D) Bone

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   Ligaments are the connective tissues that anchor the ovary to both the pelvic wall and the uterus, holding the reproductive organs in their proper anatomical positions.

   The female reproductive system sits within the pelvic cavity, and like all internal organs, it needs structural support to remain in place during movement, posture changes, and the various physiological processes it undergoes. This is where connective tissues come into play—but not all connective tissues serve the same purpose.

   Tendons are specialized connective tissues, but their job is to attach muscle to bone, enabling movement when muscles contract. They have no role in suspending or anchoring organs within body cavities. Cartilage provides cushioning at joints and structural support in places like the nose, ears, and trachea—again, not relevant to holding ovaries in position. Bone forms the rigid framework of the skeleton itself; while the pelvic bones create the cavity that houses the reproductive organs, they don't directly connect to the ovaries.

   Ligaments, however, are fibrous connective tissues designed specifically to connect bone to bone or to anchor organs to the body wall. In the female reproductive system, several ligaments perform this anchoring function:

   • The ovarian ligament connects each ovary to the lateral wall of the uterus
   • The suspensory ligament of the ovary (infundibulopelvic ligament) attaches the ovary to the pelvic wall
   • The broad ligament is a fold of peritoneum that helps support the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries

   These ligaments ensure that the ovaries remain in their correct anatomical position relative to the uterus and pelvic structures, allowing the fallopian tubes to capture released eggs during ovulation and maintaining the proper spatial relationships necessary for reproduction.

   Important

   Ligaments are the only connective tissue type among the options that connect organs to other structures or anchor them to body walls—this is their defining anatomical function.

   ✓Final answer

   The correct answer is (B) Ligaments. Ligaments are the connective tissues that secure the ovary to both the pelvic wall and the uterus, maintaining the structural integrity and proper positioning of the female reproductive organs.

3. CBSE 2026Set A1 markMCQ
   Q.What is the main role of large amount of progesterone secreted by corpus luteum?

   (a) maintenance of endometrium of uterus

   (b) maintenance of perimetrium of uterus

   (c) maintenance of myometrium of uterus

   (d) None of these

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   Progesterone from the corpus luteum maintains the uterine endometrium, preparing/keeping it ready for the embryo.

   After ovulation, the remaining follicle forms the corpus luteum, which secretes large amounts of progesterone. Progesterone is essential for maintaining the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) in a thick, secretory, well-supplied state. This maintained endometrium is necessary for the implantation of the fertilised ovum and for continuing pregnancy. It acts on the endometrium, not the perimetrium or myometrium.

   ✓Final answer

   (A) Maintenance of endometrium of uterus.

4. CBSE 2025Set 57/6/11 markMCQ
   Q.Given below are a few statements with respect to spermatogenesis in a human male.

   (i) Sperms are released from the seminiferous tubules by the process of spermiation.

   (ii) Spermiogenesis involves the maturation of spermatids into sperms.

   (iii) Spermatogonia produce spermatids by the process of spermiogenesis.

   (iv) Meiosis II in secondary spermatocytes results in the formation of four equal haploid spermatids.

   (v) Primary spermatocyte completes the first meiotic division forming two equal, diploid cells called secondary spermatocytes. Choose the option with all true statements from the given options : (A) (i),

   (ii) and

   (iv) (B) (ii),

   (iii) and

   (v) (C) (ii),

   (iv) and

   (v) (D) (i),

   (iii) and (iv)

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   Spermatogenesis involves the transformation of spermatogonia into mature sperms through meiosis and differentiation, culminating in their release from the seminiferous tubules.

   Spermatogenesis is the intricate process by which immature male germ cells, called spermatogonia, develop into mature spermatozoa (sperms) within the seminiferous tubules of the testes. This process begins at puberty and continues throughout a male's life, ensuring a continuous supply of gametes for reproduction. It involves a series of mitotic divisions, meiotic divisions, and a final differentiation phase.

   Let's break down the key stages and then evaluate the given statements:

   • Spermatogonia: These are diploid (2n) undifferentiated germ cells located on the inside wall of the seminiferous tubules. They multiply by mitotic division, increasing their numbers. Some spermatogonia differentiate into primary spermatocytes.
   • Primary Spermatocytes: These are also diploid (2n) cells. Each primary spermatocyte then undergoes the first meiotic division (Meiosis I). This is a reductional division, meaning the chromosome number is halved.
   • Secondary Spermatocytes: After Meiosis I, each primary spermatocyte forms two equal, haploid (n) cells called secondary spermatocytes. These cells have 23 chromosomes, each with two chromatids.
   • Spermatids: Each secondary spermatocyte then rapidly undergoes the second meiotic division (Meiosis II). This is an equational division, similar to mitosis, where sister chromatids separate. As a result, two equal, haploid (n) spermatids are formed from each secondary spermatocyte. Therefore, from one primary spermatocyte, a total of four haploid spermatids are produced.
   • Spermiogenesis: This is the process of differentiation where the non-motile, round spermatids are transformed into elongated, motile spermatozoa (sperms). During this phase, the spermatids develop a head, middle piece, and tail.
   • Spermiation: After spermiogenesis, the heads of the newly formed sperms become embedded in the Sertoli cells (nurse cells) for nourishment. Once mature, they are finally released from the seminiferous tubules by a process known as spermiation.

   Now, let's evaluate each statement:

   • (i) Sperms are released from the seminiferous tubules by the process of spermiation.

     • This statement is True. As described above, spermiation is the final step where mature spermatozoa are released from the Sertoli cells into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules.

   • (ii) Spermiogenesis involves the maturation of spermatids into sperms.

     • This statement is True. Spermiogenesis is precisely the morphological transformation and differentiation of haploid spermatids into mature, motile spermatozoa.

   • (iii) Spermatogonia produce spermatids by the process of spermiogenesis.

     • This statement is False. Spermatogonia produce primary spermatocytes through mitosis, which then undergo meiosis to form secondary spermatocytes and then spermatids. Spermiogenesis is the process that transforms spermatids into sperms, not spermatogonia into spermatids.

   • (iv) Meiosis II in secondary spermatocytes results in the formation of four equal haploid spermatids.

     • This statement is True. A single primary spermatocyte undergoes Meiosis I to form two secondary spermatocytes. Each of these two secondary spermatocytes then undergoes Meiosis II, with each producing two haploid spermatids. Therefore, from the original primary spermatocyte, a total of four equal, haploid spermatids are formed after Meiosis II.

   • (v) Primary spermatocyte completes the first meiotic division forming two equal, diploid cells called secondary spermatocytes.

     • This statement is False. While a primary spermatocyte does complete the first meiotic division forming two equal cells called secondary spermatocytes, these cells are haploid (n), not diploid (2n). Meiosis I is a reductional division.

   Based on this analysis, the true statements are (i), (ii), and (iv).

   ✓Final answer

   The true statements are (i), (ii), and (iv), making option (A) the correct choice.

5. CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
   Q.Which hormone is secreted in large amount by the "Corpus luteum"?

   (a) Testosterone

   (b) Progesterone

   (c) Prolactin

   (d) Thyroxine

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   After ovulation, the ruptured Graafian follicle becomes the corpus luteum, which mainly secretes progesterone.

   Once the ovum is released at ovulation, the remnant of the Graafian follicle transforms into a yellowish endocrine structure called the corpus luteum. Its principal secretion is progesterone, which is essential for maintaining the endometrium of the uterus so that it can support implantation and pregnancy if fertilisation occurs. Testosterone is a male hormone from the testis, prolactin is from the pituitary (controls milk secretion), and thyroxine is from the thyroid — none of these is the corpus luteum's product.

   ✓Final answer

   (b) Progesterone.

6. CBSE 2025Set ANNUAL1 mark
   Q.Note the relationship between the first two words and fill the missing word.

   (a) Primary sex organ in male : Testes; Primary sex organ in female : _____.

   (b) Leydig cells : Androgen; Corpus luteum : _____.

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   Just as the testis (with its Leydig/interstitial cells secreting androgens) is the male primary sex organ, the ovary is the female primary sex organ, and its corpus luteum secretes the hormone progesterone.

   This is a word-relationship (analogy) question testing knowledge of the reproductive organs and their hormone-secreting cells.

   • (a) The testis is the primary sex organ (gonad) in the male, responsible for producing sperm (gametogenesis) and male sex hormones. Its exact female counterpart — the primary sex organ (gonad) responsible for producing ova and female sex hormones — is the ovary.

   • (b) In the testis, the Leydig cells (interstitial cells) located between the seminiferous tubules secrete the male sex hormone androgen (testosterone). The corresponding structure in the ovary is the corpus luteum — the temporary endocrine structure that develops from the ruptured Graafian follicle after ovulation — which secretes the female sex hormone progesterone, essential for maintaining the endometrium and supporting pregnancy.

   ✓Final answer

   1. Ovary.
   2. Progesterone.
7. CBSE 2024Set E1 markMCQ
   Q.Which of the following secretes large amount of progesterone?

   (a) Graafian follicle

   (b) Corpus albicans

   (c) Corpus luteum

   (d) Primary follicle

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of progesterone during the luteal phase.

   After ovulation, the remaining parts of the ruptured Graafian follicle transform into a yellowish endocrine structure called the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum secretes large amounts of the hormone progesterone, which is essential for maintenance of the endometrium and for preparing it to receive and support a fertilised ovum (implantation and pregnancy).

   The other options are wrong: the Graafian follicle secretes mainly estrogen before ovulation; the corpus albicans is the degenerated, non-secretory remnant of the corpus luteum; the primary follicle is an early, immature follicle.

   ✓Final answer

   (c) Corpus luteum.

8. CBSE 2024Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
   Q.Which hormone is secreted by Pituitary gland in human female ?

   (a) LH

   (b) FSH

   (c) Oxytocin

   (d) All of these

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   LH, FSH and oxytocin are all pituitary hormones involved in female reproduction.

   The anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) secretes the gonadotropins LH and FSH, which regulate ovarian events (follicular development, ovulation and formation/maintenance of the corpus luteum). The posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) releases oxytocin, which is important during parturition (uterine contractions) and milk ejection during lactation. Since the pituitary gland (anterior + posterior lobes together) secretes all three hormones in the female, none of the individual options alone is complete.

   ✓Final answer

   (d) All of these (LH, FSH and oxytocin).

9. CBSE 2024Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
   Q.Match the following and choose the correct option. Column I Column II

   1. Ovary A) Androgens

   1. Corpus luteum B) Human Chorionic gonadotropin

   1. Leydig cells C) Estrogen + Progesterone

   1. Placenta D) Progesterone only

   (a) 1(A), 2(C), 3(B), 4(D)

   (b) 1(C), 2(D), 3(A), 4(B)

   (c) 1(B), 2(A), 3(C), 4(D)

   (d) 1(A), 2(B), 3(D), 4(C)

   ›Reveal solutionSolution

   Ovary → Estrogen + Progesterone, Corpus luteum → Progesterone only, Leydig cells → Androgens, Placenta → hCG, which gives option (b) 1(C), 2(D), 3(A), 4(B).

   Matching each source to its principal secretion:

   1. Ovary — its follicles secrete both estrogen and progesterone, the two chief female sex hormones (option C).
   2. Corpus luteum — the structure formed from the ruptured Graafian follicle after ovulation; it secretes mainly progesterone to maintain the uterine lining for a possible pregnancy (option D).
   3. Leydig cells — the interstitial cells of the testis, which secrete androgens such as testosterone (option A).
   4. Placenta — a temporary endocrine gland of pregnancy whose characteristic hormone is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (option B).

   So the correct matching is 1(C), 2(D), 3(A), 4(B) — option (b).

   [!ANSWER]

   (b) 1(C), 2(D), 3(A), 4(B)

10. CBSE 2023Set 57/1/11 markMCQ
    Q.In which one of the following options does the endocrine gland correctly match with its hormonal secretion and its function ? Endocrine Gland Hormone Function

    (a) Sertoli cells Testosterone Development of secondary sexual characteristics

    (b) Placenta Estrogen Initiates secretion of milk

    (c) Leydig cells Androgen Initiates the production of sperms

    (d) Ovary FSH Stimulates follicular development

    ›Reveal solutionSolution

    The correct match is (c) Leydig cells – Androgen – Initiates the production of sperms, as per NCERT.

    To understand why this is the right answer, we need to look at what each gland actually secretes and what that hormone does in the body. The question tests your grasp of the male and female reproductive systems and the specific roles of different endocrine structures.

    Let’s start with the male reproductive system. The testes have two important cell types: Leydig cells and Sertoli cells. Leydig cells, also called interstitial cells, are found in the spaces between the seminiferous tubules. Their job is to secrete androgens — the most important of which is testosterone. Androgens are male sex hormones. Their functions are many: they stimulate the development of male secondary sexual characteristics (like facial hair, deepening of the voice, and muscle growth), they maintain the male reproductive organs, and crucially, they are essential for spermatogenesis — the production of sperm. So option (c) is correct: Leydig cells secrete androgen, and one of its key functions is to initiate sperm production.

    Now, look at option (a): Sertoli cells and testosterone. This is a common confusion. Sertoli cells are also inside the seminiferous tubules, but they do not secrete testosterone. Instead, they provide nourishment to the developing sperm cells and secrete a hormone called inhibin, which regulates FSH secretion. Testosterone comes from Leydig cells, not Sertoli cells. So (a) is wrong.

    Option (b) involves the placenta, estrogen, and milk secretion. The placenta does secrete estrogen, but estrogen’s role in lactation is indirect. Estrogen helps in the development of the mammary glands during pregnancy, but the actual initiation of milk secretion (lactation) is triggered by a different hormone — prolactin, which is secreted by the anterior pituitary. So the function given here is incorrect.

    Option (d) says the ovary secretes FSH and that FSH stimulates follicular development. This is half right and half wrong. FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone) does indeed stimulate follicular development in the ovary — that part is correct. But FSH is not secreted by the ovary. FSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. The ovary secretes estrogen and progesterone. So the gland is mismatched.

    Note

    A helpful way to remember: the pituitary is the master gland that secretes FSH and LH. The gonads (testes and ovaries) respond to these by producing their own hormones — androgens from testes, estrogen/progesterone from ovaries.

    Important

    In NCERT, the function of androgens is clearly stated: they stimulate spermatogenesis (production of sperm) and also the development of secondary sexual characteristics. So option (c) is the only one where both the gland and the function are correctly paired with the hormone.

    ✓Final answer

    In short, the correct match is (c) Leydig cells – Androgen – Initiates the production of sperms, because Leydig cells secrete androgens, and one of the primary functions of androgens is to drive spermatogenesis.

11. CBSE 2023Set 57/3/11 markMCQ
    Q.Which of the following options correctly matches the name of the hormone to its site of production in the human body ? Name of the Hormone / Site of Production P. Oxytocin i. Placenta Q. Relaxin ii. Corpus Luteum R. hCG iii. Pituitary Gland S. Progesterone iv. Ovaries

    (a) P-i, Q-iii, R-ii, S-iv

    (b) P-i, Q-iv, R-iii, S-ii

    (c) P-iii, Q-iv, R-i, S-ii

    (d) P-ii, Q-iii, R-i, S-iv

    ›Reveal solutionSolution

    This question tests knowledge of hormone production sites. Oxytocin is from the Pituitary Gland, Relaxin from the Ovaries, hCG from the Placenta, and Progesterone from the Corpus Luteum, making option (c) the correct match.

    Understanding the specific glands or tissues responsible for producing each hormone is fundamental to endocrinology. Hormones are chemical messengers, and their precise origin dictates their role in regulating various physiological processes. Knowing the primary site of production helps in understanding the context of their action and their importance in maintaining homeostasis or facilitating specific events like reproduction.

    Here's a step-by-step breakdown of each hormone and its production site:

    1. Oxytocin (P):

       • Oxytocin is a peptide hormone primarily known for its role in childbirth (stimulating uterine contractions) and lactation (milk ejection reflex).
       • It is synthesized in the hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior Pituitary Gland (iii).
       • Therefore, P matches with iii.

    2. Relaxin (Q):

       • Relaxin is a peptide hormone that helps relax the ligaments in the pelvis and soften the cervix during childbirth. It also plays a role in angiogenesis and renal hemodynamics.
       • It is primarily produced by the corpus luteum in the Ovaries (iv), and also by the placenta and uterus. Since the corpus luteum is located within the ovary, "Ovaries" is a correct and encompassing site of production.
       • Therefore, Q matches with iv.

    3. hCG (human Chorionic Gonadotropin) (R):

       • hCG is a glycoprotein hormone crucial in early pregnancy. It maintains the corpus luteum, ensuring continued production of progesterone, which is vital for maintaining the uterine lining.
       • It is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast cells of the developing embryo after implantation, and later by the Placenta (i). This is why hCG is detected in pregnancy tests.
       • Therefore, R matches with i.

    4. Progesterone (S):

       • Progesterone is a steroid hormone essential for preparing the uterus for pregnancy and maintaining it. It thickens the uterine lining and inhibits uterine contractions.
       • After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the Corpus Luteum (ii), which becomes the primary producer of progesterone. If pregnancy occurs, the placenta takes over progesterone production later in gestation.
       • Therefore, S matches with ii.

    Now, let's combine these matches and check the given options:

    • P - iii (Oxytocin - Pituitary Gland)
    • Q - iv (Relaxin - Ovaries)
    • R - i (hCG - Placenta)
    • S - ii (Progesterone - Corpus Luteum)

    Comparing this with the options:

    1. P-i, Q-iii, R-ii, S-iv
    2. P-i, Q-iv, R-iii, S-ii
    3. P-iii, Q-iv, R-i, S-ii
    4. P-ii, Q-iii, R-i, S-iv Option (c) correctly matches all the hormones with their respective primary sites of production.
       ✓Final answer

       The correct option is (c), matching Oxytocin with Pituitary Gland, Relaxin with Ovaries, hCG with Placenta, and Progesterone with Corpus Luteum.

12. CBSE 2022Set ANNUAL1 markMCQ
    Q.Which of these is not a secondary sex organ?

    (a) Oviduct

    (b) Ova

    (c) Vas deferens

    (d) Penis

    ›Reveal solutionSolution

    Primary sex organs (testis/ovary) produce gametes; secondary sex organs are the accessory ducts/glands that transport and support them — ova is a gamete, not an organ.

    • Primary sex organs are the gonads — testis in males, ovary in females — which produce gametes (sperm, ova) and secrete sex hormones.
    • Secondary (accessory) sex organs are the ducts, glands, and external structures that help in the transport, nourishment, or transfer of gametes: e.g., oviduct (carries the ovum), vas deferens (carries sperm), and penis (copulatory organ).

    Ova (the egg cells) are the gametes themselves — a product of the primary sex organ (ovary) — and are not classified as a secondary sex organ.

    ✓Final answer

    (b) Ova.