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Q.The area of a triangle formed by vertices O, A and B, where OA⃗=i^+2j^+3k^\vec{OA} = \hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 3\hat{k} and OB⃗=−3i^−2j^+k^\vec{OB} = -3\hat{i} - 2\hat{j} + \hat{k} is (A) 353\sqrt{5} sq. units (B) 555\sqrt{5} sq. units (C) 656\sqrt{5} sq. units (D) 44 sq. units

CBSECBSE Class XII Board 2020MCQ· 1mImportance★★★★★
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The area of a triangle formed by two vectors a⃗\vec{a} and b⃗\vec{b} originating from the same vertex is given by half the magnitude of their cross product, i.e., 12∣a⃗×b⃗∣\frac{1}{2} |\vec{a} \times \vec{b}|. For the given vectors, the area is 35\mathbf{3\sqrt{5}} sq. units.

The problem asks for the area of a triangle formed by the origin O and two points A and B, given their position vectors OA⃗\vec{OA} and OB⃗\vec{OB}. This is a classic application of the vector cross product.

Concept and Intuition: Why the Cross Product?

The cross product of two vectors, say a⃗\vec{a} and b⃗\vec{b}, is another vector whose magnitude is defined as ∣a⃗∣∣b⃗∣sin⁡θ|\vec{a}||\vec{b}|\sin\theta, where θ\theta is the angle between a⃗\vec{a} and b⃗\vec{b}. Geometrically, this magnitude, ∣a⃗×b⃗∣|\vec{a} \times \vec{b}|, represents the area of the parallelogram formed by a⃗\vec{a} and b⃗\vec{b} when they originate from the same point.

Consider a parallelogram with adjacent sides represented by vectors a⃗\vec{a} and b⃗\vec{b}. If we take ∣a⃗∣|\vec{a}| as the base, the perpendicular height of the parallelogram is ∣b⃗∣sin⁡θ|\vec{b}|\sin\theta. The area of the parallelogram is thus base ×\times height =∣a⃗∣(∣b⃗∣sin⁡θ)=∣a⃗∣∣b⃗∣sin⁡θ= |\vec{a}|(|\vec{b}|\sin\theta) = |\vec{a}||\vec{b}|\sin\theta. This is precisely the magnitude of the cross product.

Now, a triangle formed by these two vectors (sharing the same origin) is exactly half the area of the parallelogram formed by them. Therefore, the area of such a triangle is 12∣a⃗×b⃗∣\frac{1}{2} |\vec{a} \times \vec{b}|.

In this problem, OA⃗\vec{OA} and OB⃗\vec{OB} are the two vectors originating from the common vertex O, forming two sides of the triangle OAB. Thus, we can directly apply this formula.


Here's the step-by-step solution:

  1. Identify the vectors forming the sides of the triangle.

    We are given the position vectors of points A and B with respect to the origin O:

    OA⃗=i^+2j^+3k^\vec{OA} = \hat{i} + 2\hat{j} + 3\hat{k}

    OB⃗=−3i^−2j^+k^\vec{OB} = -3\hat{i} - 2\hat{j} + \hat{k}

    These vectors represent two sides of the triangle OAB, both originating from the vertex O.

  2. Calculate the cross product of these two vectors.

    The cross product OA⃗×OB⃗\vec{OA} \times \vec{OB} is calculated using the determinant form:

OA⃗×OB⃗=∣i^j^k^123−3−21∣\vec{OA} \times \vec{OB} = \begin{vmatrix} \hat{i} & \hat{j} & \hat{k} \\ 1 & 2 & 3 \\ -3 & -2 & 1 \end{vmatrix}

Expanding the determinant:

OA⃗×OB⃗=i^((2)(1)−(3)(−2))−j^((1)(1)−(3)(−3))+k^((1)(−2)−(2)(−3))\vec{OA} \times \vec{OB} = \hat{i}((2)(1) - (3)(-2)) - \hat{j}((1)(1) - (3)(-3)) + \hat{k}((1)(-2) - (2)(-3))

OA⃗×OB⃗=i^(2−(−6))−j^(1−(−9))+k^(−2−(−6))\vec{OA} \times \vec{OB} = \hat{i}(2 - (-6)) - \hat{j}(1 - (-9)) + \hat{k}(-2 - (-6))

OA⃗×OB⃗=i^(2+6)−j^(1+9)+k^(−2+6)\vec{OA} \times \vec{OB} = \hat{i}(2 + 6) - \hat{j}(1 + 9) + \hat{k}(-2 + 6)

$$ \vec{OA} \times \vec{OB} = 8\hat{i} - 10\hat{j} + 4\hat{k} $$ …

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