Q.What is Labour Turnover? State its main causes and remedial measures.

Labour turnover is the rate at which workers leave and are replaced; its causes are avoidable or unavoidable, and it is reduced by fair wages, security and good conditions.

Labour Turnover is the rate of change in the workforce of an organisation during a period — the extent to which workers leave and are replaced. A high turnover means workers leave and are replaced frequently (costly and disruptive); a low turnover means a stable workforce. It is expressed as a percentage.

Causes are grouped as:

• Avoidable (the organisation can prevent these): low wages, poor working conditions, lack of promotion/growth, bad relations with supervisors, unfair treatment, lack of job security, absence of welfare facilities.
• Unavoidable (largely outside the organisation's control): retirement, death, illness/disability, marriage/relocation, moving for family reasons, dismissal for genuine misconduct/inefficiency, betterment elsewhere.

Effects: costs of recruitment and training replacements, lost output during the learning period, higher spoilage and accidents from inexperienced workers, extra wear and tear on machinery, and lower morale.

Remedial measures (to reduce turnover):

1. Pay fair wages and provide good working conditions and welfare facilities.
2. Introduce incentive and bonus schemes.
3. Provide job security and clear promotion/career prospects. …

A frequent gap is listing causes but omitting the split into AVOIDABLE and UNAVOIDABLE — examiners want this classification, because only the avoidable causes can be reduced by remedial measures. Also do n …