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Can you tell? 7.4.2

Q.The first member of a group usually differs in properties from the rest of the members of the group. Why ?

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Step 1. The first member of any p-block group is a second-period element (e.g. O in group 16, F in group 17), while the rest of the group belongs to period 3 and beyond.

Step 2. Second-period elements are unusually small and unusually electronegative compared with their own group's later members, since they have only two occupied shells.

Step 3. Crucially, second-period elements have NO d-orbitals at all in their valence shell (n=2 has only s and p subshells), so they cannot expand their octet the way period-3-and-beyond elements can -- this single structural fact underlies most of oxygen's and fluorine's specific anomalies covered in section 7.5 (restricted oxidation states, inability to …

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