Chemistry · Ch 8 — Transition and Inner Transition Elements
Introduction
Introduction
Do you know ? In which block of the modern periodic table are the transition and inner transition elements placed ? (the chapter opens on this box — its printed text spells "perodic table", the book's own typo) They sit in the d block (the transition elements) and the f block (the inner transition elements) — exactly what this chapter maps out.
The transition elements belong to the d block of the periodic table. As per the IUPAC convention, a transition metal atom has an incomplete d-subshell, or it gives cations with an incomplete d subshell. These elements exhibit properties between those of the s and p block elements. In the modern periodic table the transition elements appear as groups 3 to 12, or as four long periods, in which the (n-1) d-orbital is successively filled — here 'n' is the ultimate (valence) shell.
- The 3d series comprises the elements from scandium (Z = 21) to zinc (Z = 30).
- The 4d series has the elements from yttrium (Z = 39) to cadmium (Z = 48).
- The 5d series runs from lanthanum (Z = 57) to mercury (Z = 80), without those from cerium to lutetium.
- The 6d series has actinium to copernicium, without those from thorium to lawrencium.
The general electronic configuration of the transition elements is .
Table 8.1 Shows the four transition series elements
| Group → / d series ↓ | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3d | Sc(21) | Ti(22) | V(23) | Cr(24) | Mn(25) | Fe(26) | Co(27) | Ni(28) | Cu(29) | Zn(30) |
| 4d | Y(39) | Zr(40) | Nb(41) | Mo(42) | Tc(43) | Ru(44) | Rh(45) | Pd(46) | Ag(47) | Cd(48) |
| 5d | La(57) | Hf(72) | Ta(73) | W(74) | Re(75) | Os(76) | Ir(77) | Pt(78) | Au(79) | Hg(80) |
| 6d | Ac(89) | Rf(104) | Db(105) | Sg(106) | Bh(107) | Hs(108) | Mt(109) | Ds(110) | Rg(111) | Cn(112) |