Q.What is genetic code ?

The genetic code is the triplet-codon rule that translates mRNA nucleotide sequence into protein amino-acid sequence.

The genetic code refers to the correspondence between the sequence of nucleotide bases in mRNA (read as triplets called codons) and the sequence of amino acids incorporated into a polypeptide during translation. Its main features are:

1. Triplet nature -- each codon consists of three nucleotides, since three bases are the minimum needed to specify all 20 amino acids uniquely (4^3 = 64 combinations).
2. Degenerate (redundant) -- most amino acids are specified by more than one codon (of the 64 codons, 61 code for amino acids), reducing the effect of point mutations.
3. Unambiguous -- each codon specifies only one particular amino acid.
4. Non-overlapping and comma-less (continuous) -- the code is read consecutively from a fixed starting point without any gaps or shared bases between codons.
5. Universal -- with minor exceptions, the same codons specify the same amino acids in almost all organisms, from bacteria to humans. …