Q.What are the uses of gene mapping ?

Gene mapping locates genes on chromosomes and is used in diagnosis, breeding, evolutionary studies and forensics.

Gene mapping uses recombination frequencies (linkage mapping) or molecular/physical techniques to determine the relative order and distance of genes along a chromosome. Its practical uses include: (1) identifying and diagnosing disease-associated genes, which underpins genetic counselling for hereditary disorders and prenatal or carrier screening; (2) marker-assisted selection in plant and animal breeding programmes, allowing breeders to select for desirable traits (disease resistance, yield, quality) far more precisely and quickly than through phenotype observation alone; (3) understanding gene linkage, recombination frequency and chromosome structure, which is foundational to classical and molecular genetics; (4) supporting evolutionary and comparative genomics by revealing how gene order and synteny are conserved or rearranged across related species; and (5) applications in forensic science and paternity or identity testing, since detailed maps of variable genetic ma …