Q.What do you mean Embryoids? Write its application.

Step 1. Embryoids are the embryo-like structures produced when callus cells undergo a further round of differentiation, or when pre-embryonic cells arise directly from cultured cells - this process is called somatic embryogenesis.

Step 2. Because embryoids form from somatic (non-reproductive) cells rather than from gamete fusion, they develop like a normal embryo while bypassing sexual reproduction entirely.

Step 3. Once formed, embryoids are sub-cultured onto fresh medium, where they develop further into independent plantlets that, after a hardening period, can be established as complete new plants. …

Define embryoids as callus-derived somatic embryos, then state their two applications: direct plantlet …

• Confusing embryoids with zygotic embryos formed by normal sexual reproduction. …