Q.The time duration for sterilization process by using autoclave is ______ minutes and the temperature is _______

Sterilization is the set of techniques used to eliminate contaminating microbes - bacteria and fungi - from every element a tissue culture will involve: the working environment, the culture room, the nutrient medium, and the explant itself. Glassware, forceps, scalpels and other accessories are sterilized either by wet-steam autoclaving at 15 psi (121 degC) for 15 to 30 minutes, or by dipping in 70% ethanol followed by flaming; the culture room's floors and walls are washed with detergent and then with 2% sodium hypochlorite or 95% ethanol, and the laminar air-flow cabinet is additionally exposed to UV radiation for 15 minutes. Nutrient media are themselves autoclaved at the same 15 psi (121 degC) for 15 to 30 minutes, except for heat-labile components (plant extracts, vitamins, amino acids, hormones), which are instead passed through a 0.2 mm Millipore filter and added to the medium after …