Q.Write the protocol for artificial seed preparation.

Step 1. The starting material for an artificial (synthetic) seed is a somatic embryoid, produced through in vitro somatic embryogenesis from callus tissue or cultured cells (section 5.4.1).

Step 2. Alternatively, single cells from any part of the plant can be used as the starting material, provided they divide to form a cell mass with dense cytoplasm, a large nucleus, and storage reserves such as starch grains, proteins and oils.

Step 3. The somatic embryoid is then coated using an inert encapsulating material - the chapter names agarose and sodium alginate - which sets around it.

Step 4. This coating forms an artificial seed coat on the outside and an artificial endosperm layer surrounding the embryo, giving the finished artificial seed a structure that parallels a true seed's seed coat, endosperm and embryo. …

State the starting material (somatic embryoid), the encapsulating materials used, and the r …

• Omitting the specific encapsulating materials (agarose, sodium alginate) named in the chapter. …