Q.Which one of the following is a suitable adaptation to overcome food and water scarcity ?

Migration is the adaptation by which organisms move to a more favourable habitat to escape seasonal shortage of food and water.

Many animals (e.g. migratory birds, wildebeest, some fish) undertake long-distance migration to escape unfavourable conditions -- including scarcity of food and water -- in their home range, moving to areas with better resource availability and returning when conditions improve; this directly overcomes food/water scarcity by relocating rather than enduring it in place. A short reproductive period (a) affects breeding timing, not resource scarcity directly. Winter sleep/hibernation (b) is an adaptation to escape cold temperatures (and indirect food scarcity in winter) by lowering metabolism and remaining dormant in one place, not by seeking food/water elsewhere. Summer sleep/aestivation (d) s …