Ch 2Children and Women in Sports — Class 12 Physical Education, concept-first.

Regular physical activity and sport are among the most powerful tools we have for building healthy, confident and capable individuals — and the way we use them has to change as a person grows.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has identified lack of physical activity — physical inactivity — as the fourth leading risk factor for global mortality, responsible for about 6% of deaths worldwid…

Early childhood is a period of very rapid development, and it is also the time when family habits around movement, screens and sleep are first set.

These recommendations apply to all healthy children and youth aged 5–17, irrespective of gender, race, ethnicity or socio-economic status.

These recommendations apply to all healthy adults aged 18–64, irrespective of gender, race, ethnicity or socio-economic status.

These recommendations apply to all healthy older adults aged above 65, irrespective of gender, race, ethnicity or socio-economic status, and they are also relevant for individuals living with chronic…

Posture is the attitude or position the body assumes, either with support during muscular activity or as a result of the coordinated action of a group of muscles working together to maintain stability…

There are a number of postural deformities. The ones prescribed by the syllabus are given below, each along with its corrective measures.

Knock knee, medically termed Genu Valgum, is a postural deformity of the lower limbs. In a person with this condition, when they stand with their legs straight and feet together, the knees touch or kn…

The human foot is a remarkable structure. It bears the entire weight of the body during standing, absorbs shock during walking and running, and provides a stable platform for propulsion.

Round shoulders is a postural deformity in which the shoulders are drawn forward and drooped, the chest sinks inward, and the head is pushed forward from its natural alignment.

Kyphosis is a spinal deformity characterised by an excessive outward or backward curve of the thoracic region of the spine.

Lordosis is a spinal deformity characterised by an excessive inward or forward curvature of the lumbar region of the spine.

Scoliosis is a lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine. Instead of the normal straight vertical line when viewed from behind, the spine bends to the left or the right.

Bow legs, medically termed Genu Varum, is a postural deformity of the lower limbs in which the knees remain widely separated when the ankles are brought together while standing.

Women's sports, both amateur and professional, have a long and rich history across the world and within India.

Regular participation in sport keeps women fit and lowers their chances of disease. The benefits fall into three groups — physical, psychological and social — and are as true for women as they are for…

A female athlete's body goes through changes that a male athlete's does not, and these deserve special attention in physical education.

Adolescence brings a set of universal physical and biological changes that lead to sexual maturity; the point at which sexual maturity is reached is called puberty.

Menstrual dysfunction is any abnormal condition in a woman's menstrual cycle. The normal length of a cycle is 21 to 35 days; if a period comes sooner than 21 days or later than 35 days, it is treated…

Taking part in sport and physical activity brings many physical and social rewards — leadership, teamwork, a longer and better quality of life, and a lower risk of many diseases.

The Female Athlete Triad begins with an energy imbalance — a failure to match energy intake with energy expenditure — which often stems from an eating disorder.

Menstrual irregularity is one of the components of the Female Athlete Triad, and it acts as a marker of the quality of a female athlete's health.

Low bone mineral density — previously called osteoporosis — is a disease marked by increased bone fragility and a disturbed bone structure, including a low bone mineral density (BMD) that can lead to…

- Women's participation in sport in India has a long history (references appear as far back as the Mahabharata), fell away for a long period, and rose sharply in the last quarter of the twentieth cent…