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Exercise 8.4 · Q7

Q.If a⃗,b⃗,c⃗\vec a,\vec b,\vec c are position vectors of the vertices A,B,CA,B,C of a triangle ABCABC, show that the area of the triangle ABCABC is 12∣a⃗×b⃗+b⃗×c⃗+c⃗×a⃗∣\dfrac12|\vec a\times\vec b+\vec b\times\vec c+\vec c\times\vec a|. Also deduce the condition for collinearity of the points A,B,CA,B,C.

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Step 1. Area of △ABC=12∣AB⃗×AC⃗∣=12∣(b⃗−a⃗)×(c⃗−a⃗)∣\triangle ABC=\dfrac12|\vec{AB}\times\vec{AC}|=\dfrac12|(\vec b-\vec a)\times(\vec c-\vec a)|.

Step 2. Expand using distributivity: (b⃗−a⃗)×(c⃗−a⃗)=b⃗×c⃗−b⃗×a⃗−a⃗×c⃗+a⃗×a⃗.(\vec b-\vec a)\times(\vec c-\vec a)=\vec b\times\vec c-\vec b\times\vec a-\vec a\times\vec c+\vec a\times\vec a.

Step 3. a⃗×a⃗=0⃗\vec a\times\vec a=\vec0, and using anti-commutativity −b⃗×a⃗=a⃗×b⃗-\vec b\times\vec a=\vec a\times\vec b and −a⃗×c⃗=c⃗×a⃗-\vec a\times\vec c=\vec c\times\vec a: (b⃗−a⃗)×(c⃗−a⃗)=a⃗×b⃗+b⃗×c⃗+c⃗×a⃗.(\vec b-\vec a)\times(\vec c-\vec a)=\vec a\times\vec b+\vec b\times\vec c+\vec c\times\vec a.

Step 4. Hence Area =12∣a⃗×b⃗+b⃗×c⃗+c⃗×a⃗∣=\dfrac12|\vec a\times\vec b+\vec b\times\vec c+\vec c\times\vec a|, as required. …

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